| A | B |
|---|
| Polar Molecule | Opposite ends of the molecule have opposite charges |
| Cohesion | when hydrogen bonds hold the substance together |
| Adhesion | the clinging of one substance to another |
| Surface Tension | a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid |
| Kinetic Energy | the energy of a moving substance |
| Heat | a measure of the total quantity of kinetic energy |
| Temperture | measures the intensity of heat due to average kinetic energy of the molecules |
| Calorie | the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree celsius |
| Specific Heat | the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature 1 degree Celsius |
| Heat of Vaporization | the quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state |
| Evaporative Cooling | As liquid evaporates, the surface of the liquid that remains behind cools down |
| Solution | a mixture of two or more substances |
| Solvent | the dissolving agent |
| Solute | the substance that is dissolved |
| Aqueous solution | a solution in which the water is the solvent |
| Hydration Shell | the sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion |
| Hydrophilic | water-loving substances |
| Hydrophobic | substances that seem to repel water |
| Mole | equal in number to the molecular weight of a substance |
| Molecular Weight | the sum of the weights of all the atoms in a molecule |
| Molarity | the number of moles of solute per liter of solution |
| Hydrogen Ion | a single proton with the charge of +1 |
| Hydroxide Ion | a single proton with the charge of -1 |
| Acid | a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution |
| Base | a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution |
| pH | the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration |
| Buffers | substances that minimize changes in the concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution |
| Acid Precipitation | refers to rain, snow, or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6 |
