| A | B |
|---|
| Argument from outrage.. | Inflammatory words followed by a conclusion of some sort |
| Scapegoating (dangerous type of argument) | Blaming a certain group of people or single person for all life's troubles |
| Argument by force.. | A special case of scare tatics |
| Argument from Pity.. | Feeling sorry for someone drives us to a position on an unrelated matter |
| Argument from envy | Tempt us to exaggerate someone's bad points |
| Apple polishing.. | Praise of oneself to substitute for judgment of a claim or trying to get others to do this |
| Guilt trip.. | Feelings of guilt to get others to do or not do something |
| Wishful Thinking.. | We accept or urge acceptance of a claim simply because it would be pleasant if it were true |
| Peer Pressure.. | A desire for acceptance |
| Groupthink fallacy.. | One's sense of group identification. National Pride, Nationalism |
| Rationalizing.. | When we use false pretext to satisfy our own desire or interests |
| Argument from popularity | When most people believe something is a fact but there is no evidence that it is a fact. (Most of us believe in God, but there is no evidence that God exists) |
| Argument from common practice.. | Trying to justify or defend an action or practice on the grounds that it is common |
| Argument from tradition.. | People do things because that's the way thing have always been done |
| Subjectivist fallacy.. | The idea that something from one's own thoughts is true just because one thinks it is true |
| Two wrongs make it right.. | From an emotional point, you are getting even, From a reasoning point, you are commiting the fallacy known as Two wrongs make it right |
| Red herring.. | When a person brings a topic into a conversation that distracts from the original point |
| Difference from Red herring & Smoke screens.. | Red herring DISTRACTS by pulling one's attention & Smoke Screens tend to pile issues on or to make them extremely complicated until the original is lost in the "smoke" |
| Fallacies that appeal to emotion: | Outrage, Scare tactics, Force, Pity, Envy, Apple polishing, Guilt trip, Wishful thinking, Peer pressure, Groupthink, Nationalism |
| Fallacies that DON'T invoke emotions directly but are closely related to emotional appeals: | Rationalization, Popularity, Common Practice, Tradition, Subjectivist fallacy, Relativist fallacy, Two wrongs make a right, Red herring/smoke screen |
