| A | B |
|---|
| acid | any substance that increase the concentration of hydrogen ions (H3O+ in water) |
| base | any substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) |
| bronsted-lowry acid | a molecule that can donate a proton |
| bronsted-lowry base | a molecule that can accept a proton |
| polyprotic acids and bases | more than acidic or basic equivalent per molecule. normality:#equivalents/molecule |
| autoionization of water | H2O+H2O-->H3O+ + OH- |
| Autoionization of water:Kw | Kw= K=[H3O+][OH-]=1E-14 at 25C |
| pH | -log[H3O+] |
| pOH | -log[OH-] |
| pKa | -log(Ka) |
| pKb | -log(Kb) |
| Kw...with temp | increases. T>25C neutral pH<7, T<25 neutral pH>7 |
| strong acids | hydrohalics (HCl, HBr, HI), HClO4,H2SO4, HNO3; ka>>1; [H3O+]=[acid] |
| stong bases | 1A hyroxides (LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH), soluble 2A hydroxides (Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2); Kb>>1; [OH-]=[base] |
| weak acids and bases | Ka<<1 and [H3O+]<<[acid];Kb<<1 and [OH-]<<[base] |
| there is a ...relationship between the Ka of an acid and the Kb of its conjugate base | inverse |
| the...acid base pair reacts to give the ...acid base pair | stronger, weaker |
| strong acid-strong base reaction | pH=7 |
| strong acid-weak base reaction | pH<7 |
| weak acid-strong base reaction | pH>7 |
| weak acid-weak base | pH=?? |
