| A | B |
|---|
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | brain and spinal Cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | cranial nerves and spinal nerves |
| CNS functions | Responsible for reacting to sensory information and issuing motor commands |
| PNS functions | Links the CNS to the rest of the body |
| sensory neurons | Brings info from receptors outside of CNS |
| Motor Neurons | Carries instructions from CNS to effectors (muscles |
| Interneurons | Located within the CNS (brain and spinal cord) |
| Neuroglia | cells within nervous system that have a supportive function |
| Schwann cells | forms myelin sheath around axons |
| Microglia | kind of white blood cell |
| Myelin | made from Schwann cells cells wrap around axon |
| Nodes of Ranvier | space between myelin sheaths |
| Myelination | transport signal faster than unmyelinated nerves |
| Nerves | Made up of bundles of axons |
| Action Potential | Sudden localized change in membrane potential generated by a stimulus |
| Synapse | Junction between 2 neurons or neuron and effector |
| Neurotransmitters | Travel from presynaptic cell membrane across cleft toward postsynaptic membrane |
| Corpus collosum | connects left and right hemispheres of cerebrum |
| Cerebrum | Largest region of human brains and responsible for Conscious thought |
| Diencephalon | Connects the cerebral hemispheres with the rest of the brain and contains the Thalamus & Hypothalamus |
| Thalamus | Sensory relay station |
| Hypothalamus | Controls autonomic NS vis the Endocrine System |
| Midbrain | It is involved in functions such as vision & hearing & eye movement & body movement The |
| Hind Brain | contains the pons & medulla oblongata & cerebellum |
| Pons | It is involved in motor control and sensory analysis &It has parts that are important for the level of consciousness and for sleep. |
| Medulla Oblongata | It is responsible for maintaining vital body functions |
| Cerebellum | Second largest part of the brain and is responsible for mainitaining normal muscle tone and posture & Coordinates balance |
| Blood-Brain Barrier | Capillaries not as ?leaky? as in other parts of the body |
| Meninges | includes the Dura Mater & Arachnoid & Pia Mater layers |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid | Cushions the brain |
| Perception | is conscious awareness of sensation |
| Pain receptor | detects tissue damage |
| Thermoreceptor | detects change in temperature |
| Mechanoreceptor | detects pressure |
| Chemoreceptor | detects ions or molecules |
| Photoreceptor | detects light energy |
| Olfaction | sense of smell is accomplished by chemoreceptors found in the roof of the nasal cavity which detect ions or molecules dissolved in mucus produced by olfactory glands |
| Gustation | sense of taste accomplished by one of 4 types of chemoreceptors which can detect salty or sweet or bitter or sour foods or liquids. |
| Cornea | clear outer anterior layer of the eye |
| Retina | contains photoreceptors as well as other neurons |
| lens | focuses light from pupil onto the retina |
| Iris | controls the size of the pupil opening |
| Pupil | allows light to enter lens and posterior chamber of the eye |
| Optic disc | Where optic nerve exits |
| Auditory canal | funnels sound waves toward tympanic membrane |
| Tympanic membrane | vibrates in response to pressure waves |
| Ossicles | bones which amplify vibrations of tympanic membrane |
| Oval window | attached to stapes and causes vibrations in the fluid of the vestibule |
| Auditory tube | opens into the pharynx and equalizes pressure between outside of ear and inner earInner Ear |
| Semicircular Canals | Detects and relays information regarding rotational movement |
| Vestibule | Detects and relays information regarding gravity and acceleration |
| Cochlea | Detects and relays information regarding detection of sound waves |
