| A | B |
|---|
| Caliph | In Islam, the successor to the Prophet Mohammed. |
| calligraphy | A form of fine handwriting. |
| John Calvin | (1509-1564) Theologian and church reformer who developed a form of Protestantism during the reformation |
| cannon | A weapon which uses an iron ball as a projectile and gunpowder as the blasting agent. |
| Canon on Medicine | A book written by Ibn Sina, a famous Islamic physician, which was an encyclopedia of Greek, Arabic, and his own knowledge of medicine. This book became the standard medical text in Europe for over five hundred years. |
| Cape of Good Hope | Southern tip of the African continent. |
| capital | Money that is used for investment. |
| capitalism | An economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods. Also promotes a free market regulated by supply and demand. |
| caravel | A Portuguese ship that had a large cargo area and used two or three masts. |
| Cardinal Richelieu | (1585-1642) French Cardinal and politician responsible for instituting absolutist practices in France. |
| cartography | The skill of making maps. |
| Cash Crop | crop grown to be sold on the world market |
| Cash Crop Economy | An economic system based on the exportation of certain crops such as sugar, cotton, and coffee. |
| caste | social group based on birth; in India, caste determined the jobs people could hold |
| Caste System | A rigid social class system in Hinduism. |
| Fidel Castro | (1926-?) Leader of the Cuban Revolution and communist dictator of Cuba. He is responsible for making Cuba a socialist country which has often been at odds with the United States. Notably, the bay of Pigs invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis. |
| Catherine the Great | An enlightened despot who ruled over Russia. She is responsible for many positive changes in Russia, as well as securing the country a warm water port. |
| causeway | A paved road or path. |
| Cavalry | Mounted warriors. |
| Camillo Cavour | (1810-61) Prime Minister of Sardinia, a large Italian State. He formed alliances with other foreign powers to help end Austria’s and Spain’s control. Instrumental in the unification of Italy. |
| CE | Date designation meaning Common Era, or the last two thousand years of history. |
| censorship | The suppression information considered offensive or a threat to security. |
| centralized government | A government which controls all aspects of society from a central location or through a central system. |
| Neville Chamberlain | (1869-1940) Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1937 to 1940. He is responsible for the policy of appeasement with Adolph Hitler’s Nazi Germany. |
| chancellor | Prime Minister, or chief executive of a country or nation state. |
