| A | B |
|---|
| electron dot diagram | model of an atom in which each dot represents a valence electron |
| stable electron configuration | the highest occupied energy level of an atom is filled with electrons |
| ionic bond | force that holds cations and anions together |
| oxidation | losing electron(s) |
| reduction | gaining electrons |
| ion | atom with unequal number of electrons and protons |
| metals | lose electrons to form positive ions |
| nonmetals | gain electrons to form negative ions |
| anion | negatively charged ion |
| cation | positively charged ion |
| chemical bond | force that holds atoms or ions together as a unit |
| formation of ionic bond | electrons transferred from one atom to another |
| ionization energy | amount of energy used to remove an electron |
| ionization energy left to right on periodic table | energy increases |
| ionization energy top to bottom of group | energy decreases |
| electronegativity | atom tendency to attract electrons |
| chemical formula | notation of what elements a compound contains and ratio of the elements |
| crystals | Solids whose particles are arranged in a lattice structure |
| sodium chloride crystal shape | cubic |
| covalent bond | chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of valence electrons |
| molecule | neutral group of atoms that are joined together by one or more covalent bonds |
| diatomic molecules | molecule formed by two atoms sharing electrons |
| single covalent bond | two electrons shared between atoms |
| double covalent bond | four electrons shared between atoms |
| triple covalent bond | six electrons shared between atoms |
| polar covalent bond | covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally |
| nonpolar covalent bond | covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally |
| molecular attractions | greater between polar molecules than nonpolar molecules |
| IUPAC | International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry |
| binary ionic compound | compound made from only two elements |
| anion name | element name with -ide ending + ion |
| cation name | element name unchanged + ion |
| transition metal ion names | charge of ion indicated by Roman numeral |
| copper +1 ion name | copper (I) ion |
| copper +2 ion name | copper (II) ion |
| iron +2 ion name | iron (II) ion |
| iron +3 ion name | iron (III) ion |
| lead +2 ion name | lead (II) ion |
| lead +4 ion name | lead (IV) ion |
| chromium +2 ion name | chromium (II) ion |
| chromium +3 ion name | chromium (III) ion |
| polyatomic ion | covalently bonded group of atoms with positive or negative charge acting as a unit |
| ionic compound names | metal name + nonmetal ion name |
| Na and Cl compound name | sodium chloride |
| K and O compound name | potassium oxide |
| Al and S compound name | aluminum sulfide |
| Ca and P compoind name | calcium phosphide |
| molecular compound name | metal name nonmetal w/-ide use prefixes for ratios |
| mono- | 1 atom in molecular formula |
| di- | 2 atoms in molecular formula |
| tri- | 3 atoms in molecular formula |
| tetra- | 4 atoms in molecular formula |
| penta- | 5 atoms in molecular formula |
| hexa- | 6 atoms in molecular formula |
| hepta- | 7 atoms in molecular formula |
| octa- | 8 atoms in molecular formula |
| nona- | 9 atoms in molecular formula |
| deca- | 10 atoms in molecular formula |
| metallic bond | attraction between a metal cation and the shared electrons that surround it |
