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Chapter 15 Muscles rd

Vocabulary, prefixes, suffixes and root terms from Language of Medicine Chapter 15

AB
straited musclevoluntary or skeletal muscle
fasciafibrous tissue that envelops and separates muscles
fasciacontains muscle's blood supply, lymph, and nerves
smooth muscleviseral or involuntary muscle
cardiac musclestraited and branching fibers but acts like smooth; involuntary muscle
skeletal muscle groupingbundles
smooth muscle groupingsheets
cardiac muscle groupingbranched and only in the heart
orbicularis oculicloses eyelids, wrinkles forehead
sternocleidomastoidturn head
pectoralis majoradducts, flexes, rotates arm inward
massetercloses jaw for chewing
deltoidextends arm
biceps brachiiflexes forearm
gluteus maxiumusextends, abducts, and rotates thigh laterally
biceps femorisrotates leg laterally and flexes knee
gastrocnemiusbends knee and lifts heel off ground
Achilles tendontendon from gastrocnemius to calcaneous (heelbone)
originpoint of attachment of the muscle to the stationary bone
insertionoint of junction of the muscle to the bone that moves
flexiondecreasing the angle between two bones; bending a limb
extensionincreasing the angle between two bones; straightening a limb
abductionmovement away from the midline of the body
adductionmovement towards the midline of the body`
rotationcircular movement around an axis
dorsiflexiondecreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot bends backwards (upward)
plantar flexionthe motion that extends the foot downward toward the ground as when pointing the toes
plant/osole of the foot
supinatonas applied to the hand, the act of turning the palm forward, or up
pronationas applied to the hand, the act of turning the palm backward, or down
fibr/ofibrous connective tissue
fasci/ofascia (froms sheaths enveloping muscle)
leiomy/osmooth (viseral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs
my/omuscle
myocardi/oheart muscle
myos/omuscle
rhabdomy/oskeletal or striated muscle
-asthenialack of strength
-trophydevelopment, nourishment
ab-away from
ad-toward
dorsi-back
poly-many, much
muscular dystrophya group of inheritied diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers w/o involvement of the nervous system
polymyositischronic inflammatory myopathy
antinuclear antibody testa sample of plasma is tested for the presence of antibodies that are found in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
erythrocyte sedimentation ratethe rate at which erythrocytes fall to the bottom of a test tube.
rheumatoid factor testblood is tested for the presence of the rheumatoid factor
serum calciuma measurement of the amount of calcium in the blood
serum creatine phosphokinaseelevated CPK levels are found in muscular dystrophy; myocardial infarction, and skeletal muscle disorders
uric acid testmeasures the amount of uric acid in the blood
arthrocentesissurgical puncture of the joint; synovial fluid is removed for analysis
arthrographyprocess of taking x-ray pictures of a joint after injection of opaque contrast material
bone scana radioactive phosphate substance is injected intravenously, and uptake of the substance in bone is measured
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometryx-rays are taken of bones in the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist, and measures how well the x-rays penetrate the bones
muscle biopsyremoval of muscle for microscopic examination
ACLanterior cruciate ligament
ANAantinuclear antibody
Cacalcium
CTScarpal tunnel syndrome
DEXAdual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
DTRdeep tendon reflexes
EMGelectromyography
ESRerthrocyte sedimentation rate
IMintramuscular
LE celllupus erythematosus cell
Orthoorthopedics
Pphosphorus
RARheumatoid arthritis
sed ratesedimentation rate
ROMrange of motion
ADLactivities of daily living
SLEsystemic lupus erthematosus
TMJtemporomandibular joint
tricepsextends the forearm
trapeziuselevates, retracts, & rotates scapula
pectoralis majoradducts and medially rotates humerus
deltoidanterior part- flexes & medially rotates arm; middle: abducts arm; posterior part: extends & laterally rotates arm
biceps brachiiflexes forearm in all positions
pectoralis minorstabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
triceps brachiiextends the forearm; it is chief extensor of the forearm; long head steadies head of abducted humerus
latissimus dorsiextends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus
teres majoradducts and medially rotates arm
brachialisflexes forearm in all positions
teres minorlaterally rotate arm; hleps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula
brachioradialisflexes forearm
supinatorsupinates forearm (rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly)
psoas majoracts conjoinly in flexing thigh at hip joint and stabilizing this joint
sartorius"tailor's muscle" longest muscle in the body; flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint
rectus femorisone of the quadricepes;great extensor of the leg
vastus lateralisone of the quadricepes;great extensor of the leg
pectineusadducts and flexes thigh; assits with medial rotation of thigh
adductor longusadducts thigh
vastus medialisone of the quadricepes;great extensor of the leg
gracilisadducts thigh, flexes leg, helps rotate it medially
vastus lateralisone of the quadricepes;great extensor of the leg
quadriceps femorisgreat extensor of the leg
vastus intermediusone of the quadricepes;great extensor of the leg
psoas minoracts conjoinly in flexing thigh at hip joint and stabilizing this joint
iliopsoaschief flexor of the thigh; postural muscle that during standing, prevents hyperextension of the hip joint
semitendinusextend thigh, flex leg and medially rotate
semimembranosusextend thigh, flex leg and medially rotate
biceps femorisflexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed
tibialis anteriordorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot
gastrocnemius"the calf" plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended, raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee joint
soleusplantarflexes ankle independent of position of knee & steadies leg on foot
plantarisweakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle and flexing knee
hamstring musclesemitendinous, semimembranosus, long head of biceps femoris
flexorsiliopsoas,sartorius, pectineus, adductor longus, gracilis
genu varumtibia diverted medially
genu valgumtibia diverted laterally
hallux valguslateral deviation of the great toe
talipes equinovarus"clubfoot" congenital disorder affecting more boys than girls; the ankle is plantarflexed, the forefoot is adducted; the foot assumes the position of a horse's hoof
spraintearing of tissues, ligaments, muscles and tendons
strainoverstretching injury with muscle tears; less severe than sprain
buccinatorpresses cheek against molar teeth, aiding in chewing


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