| A | B |
|---|
| acropolis | fortified hill in a city state which held important buildings like a temple |
| agora | marketplace |
| polis | city-state |
| aristocrats | nobles |
| helots | enslaved people in Sparta |
| periocci | Spartan artisans and merchants who lived in the village |
| oligarchy | rule by a few people |
| monarchy | rule by a king or queen |
| constitution | set of principles and rules that govern a people. These rules are put in writing |
| democratic | all people have an equal voice in government |
| mercenaries | soldiers who fight for money not for honor |
| triremes | greek war ships know for their speed and ramming capacity |
| Delian League | defensive league run by Athens, created to protect the Greeks from the Persians by uniting all the Greeks together |
| Battle of Marathon | Battle between the Persians and the Athenians to protect Athens from Persian attack 26 miles away |
| Battle of Thermopylae | King Xerxes of Persia is forced to fight an outnumbered band of Greeks in a narrow mountain pass |
| Battle of Salamis | smaller, faster Greek navy battles 600 Persian ships in the shallow waters off the Athenian coast |
| Persian War | Fought because the Persian Empire sought to expand its empire into Greece |
| Peloponnesian War | fought between Athens and Sparta and lasted almost 30 years. Sparta declared victorious in 404BC |
| panoply | military gear worn by Greeks |
| Tropaean | Battlefield trophy created by the winner of the battle and using the panoply of the loser |
| Democratic Republic | A government in which the people elect representatives to vote on their behalf in government |
| hoplite | heavily armored Greek foot soldier |
| Peaon | Greek song of victory |
| Phalanx | a Greek fighting formation where the men move together as a group |
| diarchy | When there are two kings who rule together (Sparta) |
