| A | B |
|---|
| nationalism | pride in one's own nation; desire for independence |
| nation-state | a political state whose people also share the same language and culture |
| realpolitik | political theory that national success justifies the use of any means |
| kaiser | title of the German emperor |
| chancellor | title of the chief minister of some European countries |
| papal infallibility | Roman Catholic doctrine that the pope cannot make an eror in speaking about faith and morals |
| militarism | national policy based on military strength and glorification of war |
| autocracy | government ruled by one person with unlimited authority |
| emancipation | legally granting freedom |
| zemstovos | local assembly in czarist Russia |
| anarchy | absence of political authority |
| Nihilists | member of a Russian political movement of the late 1800's that rejected all authority and advocated terrorism |
| Russification | policy of imposing Russian language and customs on other peoples |
| pogroms | organized persecution of a minority group, usually jews, in czarist Russia |
| soviets | a workers' council formed early in the Russian Revolution; later, a unit of government in the Soviet Union |
| duma | Russian national legislature |
| dual monarchy | two states with one monarchy |
| jingoism | attitude of extreme patriotism, usually directed toward a foreign power |
