| A | B |
|---|
| Oases | green areas where water can be found from underground springs |
| Bedouins | desert herders who often travel from oases to oases; live in tents |
| Caravan | a group of traveling merchants and animals |
| Makkah | (a.k.a. Mecca) became the largest and richest trading town on the trade routes between India and the Mediterranean |
| Kaaba | a low, square building surrounded by statues of gods and goddesses, a holy place |
| Muhammad | born in 570 C.E., in 610 C.E was inspired by a vision from God and began to develop the faith of Islam (“Surrender to the will of Allah.”) |
| Madinah | “city of the prophet” |
| Quran | the holy book of Islam |
| Caliph | the successor to the “Messenger of God” |
| Umayyad | Islam caliphs who ruled from 661 C.E – 750 C.E.; expanded Islam throughout north Afdrica, Spain, and parts of India. |
| Damascus | city is modern-day Syria |
| Sufis | a Islamic sect, helped to spread Islam throughout the Arab Empire, set-up trading posts throughout southeast Asia |
| Indonesia | the most populous Muslim nation in the world today |
| Timbuktu | a city in northern Africa, became a major center for commerce and learning |
| Shiites | Muslim sect, believe that Mohammad’s son-in-law, Ali, should succeed him and then all his descendents should lead the faith |
| Sunnis | the largest Muslim sect, accepted the Umayyad dynasty of Syria. |
| Abbasids | came to power in 750 C.E. following the Umayyad being overthrown; dynasty lasted until 1258 C.E.; devoted their energies to trade, scholarship, and the arts |
| Baghdad | Abbasids capital; excellent location for the development of trade, brought a Persian influence into the Empire |
| Sultan | Seljuk leader, “holder of power” |
| Suleiman I | the most famous Ottoman leader (sultan) who ruled in the 1500s; brilliant general loved art, architecture, education; a.k.a. “Suleiman the Magnificent” |
| Moguls | Muslim warrior sect in India |
| Delhi | City in India established by the Moguls in 1526 |
| Akbar | the greatest Mogul ruler; known for treating his subject fairly |
| Mosques | Muslim houses of worship |
| Bazaar | a part of a city that was focused on the market of shops and vendor stalls |
| Mamun | the Abbasid caliph who founded the House of Wisdom in Baghdad for scholars of all faiths |
| al-Razi | one of the best known chemists (865 – 925) who developed a system to categorize substances such as animal, mineral, or vegetable; helped to identify various diseases |
| Ibn Sina | a Persian doctor who showed how diseases can travel from person to person |
| Omar Khayyam | a great and influential Persian poet |
| Ibn Khaldun | a great Muslim historian who wrote in 1375 that all civilizations grow and then fall |
| Minarets | towers from which the crier calls the people to prayer. |
| Crier | an announcer who call the people to prayer five times a day |
| Granada | a city in Spain where the Muslim palace of Alhambra is found |
| Agra | the city in India where the Taj Mahal can be found |
