| A | B |
|---|
| Colonialism | The policy of maintaining colonies as a source of raw materials and new markets. Practiced during old and new imperialism. |
| Colonization | A group of people moving from their homeland to a new area in large numbers. |
| colony | territory settled and ruled by people from another land |
| Columbian Exchange | The exchange of goods and other things, such as
disease from the Old World (Europe) to the new World
(North and South America) and back. |
| Christopher Columbus | (1451-1506) Italian explorer working for Spain who, in 1492, crossed the Atlantic Ocean and discovered the Americas for Spain. |
| Command Economy | An economic system controlled by strong, centralized
government, which usually focuses on industrial goods.
With little attention paid to agriculture and consumer
goods. |
| Commerce | The large scale buying of goods and/or services. |
| Commercial Revolution | A dramatic change in the economy of Europe at the end of the Middle Ages. It is characterized by an increase in towns and trade, the use of banks and credit, and the establishment of guilds to regulate quality and price. |
| common law | system of law that is the same for all people, based on court decisions that have become accepted legal principles |
| commonwealth | a nation or state |
| Commonwealth of Independent States | Nation created after the breakup of
the Soviet Union. It includes Russia
and several smaller former Soviet
republics. |
| Commune | A government owned farms where peasants work on a quota system. |
| Communication | the ability to send or receive information and ideas |
| Communism | A system of government in which a single, totalitarian, party holds power. It is characterized by state control of the economy,
and restriction on personal freedoms. It was first proposed by
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in The Communist Manifesto. |
| The Communist Manifesto | A book written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
that describes the new political system of scientific
socialism, which becomes the basis for
communism. The book states that all of human
history is based on the conflict between the
bourgeoisie (those who own the means of
production) and the proletariat (working class),
and predicted that the proletariat would rise up in a
violent revolution to overthrow the bourgeoisie
and create a society with an equal distribution of
goods and services. |
| Communist Revolution | A political revolution in Russia beginning in 1917.
The Bolsheviks, now known as Communists,
overthrew Czar Nicholas II and created a socialist
government based upon the writings of Karl Marx
and Vladimir Lenin. Also know as the Bolshevik
Revolution. |
| Computer Revolution | During the 1980s personal computers began to appear
in many homes across the world. By the late 1990s,
computers had become a staple in most industrialized
country’s homes. |
| concentration camp | A prison camp used to hold Jews during World War II
and the Holocaust. |
| Confederation | unification |
| Confucianism | Confucius lived in China during the Chou Dynasty, when there
was mass disorder and confusion and degrading moral
standards. Confucius was appalled by what appeared to be the
fracturing of Chinese society. He believed that the only cure
was to stress a sense of social order and mutual respect, a
philosophy that later became known as Confucianism.
Confucianism teaches that there is a natural social order to
society which can best be explained through the Five
Relationships. |
| Confucius | (551-479 BCE?) Chinese philosopher and writer of The Analects, a
collection of moral and social teachings, including the concept of
the Five Relationships. Also known as Kong Fu Zi. |
| Congress of Vienna | Meeting of European political leaders to reestablish
former territorial borders after the end of the Napoleonic
Wars and the fall of Napoleon. The Congress was held in
Vienna from September 1814 to June 1815, and was
dominated by Prince Metternich of the Austro-Hungarian
Empire. |
| Conquistadors | Spanish conquerors who came to the New World in search of
gold and other riches. |
| Conservation | protection of natural resources; conserve, to save for the future |
