| A | B |
|---|
| disease | an interruption, cessation, or disorder of body functions, systems or organs |
| disability | a diminished capacity to perform within a prescribed range |
| acute | sudden onset and brief course duration-not chronic |
| to five percentages of death | heart disease 26.6, cancer 22.8, stroke 5.9%, COPD 5.3 %, unintentional injuries 4.8% |
| tope five % of leading causes of disabilities age 15 and above | arthritis and rheumatism 17.5%, back or spine problems 16.5%, hardening of arteries 7.8%, lung/respiratory problems 4.7%, deafness/hearing problems 4.4% |
| top five medical costs of disabilities | B. 1. C-V (cardiovascular) disease => $300 billion C. 2. Diabetes=>$132 billion D. 3. Physical inactivity=>$76.6. billion E. 4. Smoking=> $75 billion F. 5. Arthritis=>$22 billion |
| lifestyle preventions for disabilities | o A. exercising Daily o B. not smoking o C. maintaining a Healthy body composition o D. eating a healthy diet o F. prudent use of valid medical information o G. being aware of personal risks • 1. family history • 2. Individual responses and risks based on gender and age |
| how many americans are affected by high blood pressure | 33% americans are effected |
| ischemic stroke | blockage in an artery of the brain→ lack of oxygen→ memory loss, paralysis on one side of the body; |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | blood vessel breaking in the brain→ tissue damage; |
| signs and symptoms of stroke | o a. sudden numbness or weakness on one side of face, arm or leg; o b. blurred vision o c. sudden paralysis • usually on one side of body o d. sudden dizziness or headache with nausea and vomiting o e. difficulty speaking o f. difficulty swallowing o g. dizziness, loss of balance or poor coordination o h. brief loss of consciousness o i. sudden confusion • somewhat of a chronic confusion. Does not just come and go |
| Controllable Risk Factors for a Stroke | o a. BP of >140/>90 mmHg o b. uncontrolled diabetes o c. high total cholesterol (>200 mg/dL) o d. smoking o e. more than one drink of alcohol/day o f. being overweight |
| Arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries o a. usually a result of aging o b. results in a lack of blood flow |
| Atherosclerosis | fatty material (plaque) builds up in arteries o a. restricts blood flow o b. → chest pain (Angina) and heart attacks (A Myocardial infarction [M.I]—injury to the heart muscle. |
| Peripheral Artery Disease and its Signs and Symptoms | • 1. When plaque builds up in arteries carrying blood to the head, internal organs, and limbs; • 2. Also know as atherosclerotic peripheral artery disease • 3. Signs and symptoms: o a. pain, numbness, aching in muscles o b. cramping in legs, thighs, calves and feet o c. sores or cuts on toes, feet or legs that fail to heal or heal slowly o d. color changes in skin (cyanosis) o e. poor nail growth and decreased hair growth on toes and legs |
| Arrhythmia/Dysrhythmia and its Signs and Symptoms | a. An abnormal heart rhythm which can cause the heart to pump less effectively b. An electrical problem causing insufficient blood flow c. Signs and symptoms i. 1. Weakness ii. 2. Fatigue iii. 3. Palpations/vibrations 1. can feel pulses away from coronary cavities iv. 4. Low blood pressure v. 5. Dizziness vi. 6. Fainting |
| Chronic Bronchitis | airways become inflamed and thickened and increase in he number and size of mucous producing cells--smokers at highest risk |
| diagnosis chronic bronchitis | i. a. excessive mucous makes breathing difficult with constant coughing; ii. b. swelling of feet and ankles b/c of fluid retention; iii. c. may last several weeks or months and may reoccur-(different than bronchitis 1/year); iv. d. demonstrated bronchitis symptoms for 3 months or more for 2 consecutive years; |
| prescription Chronic Bronchitis | i. a. don’t smoke ii. b. moderate exercise iii. c. breathing exercises iv. d. patient education v. e. lung transplants suggested to increase life-span |
| emphysema | the walls between air sacs in the lungs are destroyed leading to large air sacs rather than small ones. . Airways collapse and damaged air sacs enlarge causing shortness of breath and wheezing • 2. This results in poor air exchange |
| signs and symptoms of emphysema | o a. coughing o b. sputum production o c. shortness of breath especially when exercising o d. chest tightness o e. infection and increase risk of pneumonia |
| treatment emhysema | o a. stop smoking!! o B. antibiotics o C. increase oxygen consumption • 1. Supplemental • 2. Exercise |
| asthma | occurs when the body responds to cold, allergens, or chemicals and metals in aerosol form a. 1. Bronchial tubes become irritated and respond by swelling and narrowing b. 2. Air is restricted causing wheezing and shortness of breath c. 3. Severe forms restricted oxygen to organs and can cause death |
| Indications of a severe asthma attack | i. a. extreme difficulty breathing ii. b. bluish color in lips and face (cyanosis) iii. c. severe anxiety due to shortness of breath iv. d. rapid pulse v. e. sweating vi. f. decreased alertness, drowsiness or confusion |
| Preventions and treatments for asthma | i. a. stay away from agents that irritate; ii. b. carry an inhaler (albuterol); iii. c. for exercise-induced asthma; 1. 1. Take any medications early in the day 2. 2. Warm-up and cool-down when exercising 3. 3. Be aware of ambient conditions (e.g. extreme cold, high pollen) and limit activity 4. 4. Avoid exercise if you have an infection iv. d. best activities 1. 1. Shot, intermittent (e.g. walking, volleyball, baseball) 2. 2. Swimming |
| cancer | The unchecked growth of cells that form a tumor |
| Metastasizing | process of tumors spreading through the bloodstream and affectively to other parts of the body |
| Non-specific symptoms cancer | A. a. weight loss B. b. fatigue C. c. depression D. d. mood change |
| Radiation therapy | high energy x-rays to kill dividing cells o a. only shrinks the tumor or limits its growth o b. 10-15% leads to long term remission |
| Chemotherapy | uses drugs that target rapidly growing cells and destroys them o a. other rapidly growing cells are also destroyed such as hair, bon marrow and cells in the skin and mouth o b. the risk of infection increases o c. damaged hair cells=hair loss o d. damaged bone marrow=fatigue o e. damaged stomach and intestinal cells=diarrhea and vomiting o f. damaged skin and mouth cells=dry mouth and skin o g. side effects disappear during recovery o h. can be used alone or in conjunction with radiation and or surgery o i. when used with other therapies can extend a patients life 3-4X longer than a single treatment alone |
| signs and symptoms prostate cancer | • 1. Frequent urination • 2. painful urination • 3. Blood in urine • 4. Painful ejaculation • 5. Lower back pain |
| Survival Rates prostate cancer When Cancer is Found Within the Gland & Removed | • 1. 5 yrs=100% (35% if metastasized) • 2. 10 years= 93% • 3. 15 years= 77% |
| risk factors of breast cancer | • 1. Being female • 2. Being older • 3. Genetics • 4. Having great breast density • 5. Personal history of breast/ovarian cancer • 6. Starting menopause after age 55 • 7. Never having a child • 8. Having children after the age 35 • 9. Being overweight after menopause • 10. Having more than one drink a day • 11. Recently using combined estrogen and progesterone hormone replacement therapy |
| warning signs of breast cancer | • 1. Change in breast size/shape • 2. A lump or thickening • 3. A warm sensation • 4. A nipple turn inward • 5. An irregularly shaped nipple • 6. A rash on the nipple • 7. Breast tenderness • 8. Breast discharge • 9. Breast pain • sum: the sooner the diagnosis the better the chance for survival |
| survival rate for breast cancer | • stage 0: no cancer-100% • stage 1: tumor<2cm and no lymph nodes=100% • stage 2a: tumor<5cm and possible lymph nodes under the arms=92% • stage 2b: tumor>5cm but not spread=81% • stage 3a: tumor>5cm, underarm lymph nodes are cancerous, may be stuck together but not spread=67% • stage 3b: tumor is fixed to skin or clot in all, lymph nodes may or may not be cancerous, no spreading=54% • stage 4: tumor can be any size lymph nodes may/may not be cancerous, cancer has metastasized=20% |
| diabetes | • a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both • Type 1: body does not produce enough insulin (5-10%) • Type 2: body does not produce enough insulin/cells are insulin resistant (90%) |
| signs and symptoms diabetes | o a. constant fatigue o b. being hungry (especially after eating) o c. craving extra liquids o d. frequent urination (especially during the night) o e. unexplained weight loss o f. numbness and tingling in hands, legs or feet o g. blurred vision o h. sexual dysfunction o i. cuts or bruised that are slow to heal j. frequent infections |
| the Long-Term Complications of Diabetes and the Risks of Morbidity and Mortality of those Complications | o a. heart disease • 1. Heart disease is the leading cause of diabetes-related deaths • 2. Adults with diabetes have heart disease death rates about two to four times as high as the rates of adults without diabetes o b. stroke: the rate of stroke is two to four times higher in ppl with diabetes o c. overall mortality rate: death rates are twice as high among middle aged adults with diabetes as among middle aged people without it o d. high blood pressure: an estimated 60-70 % of ppl with diabetes have high blood pressure o e. blindness: diabetes is the leading cause of new cases blindness in adults 20-74 years old o f. kidney disease: diabetes is the leading cause of end stage renal disease, accounting for about 40% of new cases o g. amputations: more than half of lower limb amputations that must be performed each year in individuals with diabetes o h. dental disease: Periodontal disease ( a type of gum disease that can lead to tooth loss) is reported around 30% of ppl around 19 years old with typeII diabetes o i. psychosocial dysfunctions: often seen in parents and their families due to the emotional and social impact of diabetes and the demands of therapy o type 2 diabetes have been reported to be a risk for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease |
| Alzheimer’s Disease: | • 1. Slowly hardens brain tissue which affects the brains ability to function • 2. Is classified as a degenerative disease • 3. Begins around age 60 and doubles every 9 years past age 65 |
| progressive symptoms alzheimer's disease | o a. repeating statements o b. misplacing info o c. having trouble finding names for familiar objects o d. getting lost on familiar routes o e. changing personality o f. losing interests on things previously enjoyed o g. having difficulty doing things that used to come easy |
| more advanced symptoms of alzheimers | o h. forgetting details about current events o i. forgetting events in one’s own life history o j. choosing proper clothing with difficulty o k. hallucinating, arguing, slowing o m. experiencing delusions, depression, agitation o n. having difficulties performing basic tasks such as preparing meals and driving |
