| A | B |
| Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment | emphasized the value of human reasoning |
| John Locke | Two Treatises of Government |
| John Locke | formation of government based on a social contract |
| Enlightenment and the American Revolution | influenced uprisings in Latin America |
| Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau | philosophers during the Age of Enlightenment |
| Galileo Galilei and René Descartes | contradicted traditional medieval European beliefs |