| A | B |
|---|
| Diversification | market expansion policy characterized by growth in relatively large # of markets or market segments |
| Market Segmentation | grouping of consumers based on common characteristics such as demographics, lifestyles, etc. |
| Glocalization | term coined to describe networked global organization approach to organizational structure |
| Cross-Subsidization | use of resources accumulated in one part of world to fight a competitive battle in another |
| Export Management Companies (EMCs) | Domestic Firms that specialize in performing int’l business services as commission representatives or as distributors |
| International Agent | Representative or intermediary for firm that works to develop business and sales strategies and that develops contacts |
| International Distributor | Representative or intermediary for firm that purchases products from firm, takes title, and assumes selling risk |
| Trading Company | acts as intermediary for multiple companies in such areas as import-export, countertrade, investing, and manufacturing |
| Export Trading Company (ETC) | Result of 1982 legislation to improve export performance of small and medium-sized firms; allow businesses to bond together to export or offer export services; law permits bank participation in trading companies and relaxes antitrust provisions |
| Licensing | one firm allows another to produce or package its product or use its intellectual property in exchange for compensation |
| Royalty | compensation paid by one firm to another under a licensing agreement |
| Trademark Licensing | licensing of instantly recognizable logos, names, or images for use on unrelated products such as gifts, toys, or clothing |
| Franchising | form of licensing that allows a distributor or retailer exclusive rights to sell a product/service in a specified area |
| Strategic Alliances | collaboration among firms, often similar to joint ventures, but not necessarily involving joint capital investment |
| Management Contracts | firm sells expertise in running a company while avoiding risks or benefits of ownership |
| Turnkey Operation | specialized form of mgmt contract btw customer and organization to provide complete operational system together w/skills needed for unassisted maintenance and operation |
| Joint Venture | Formal participation of 2+ companies in an enterprise to achieve common goal |
| Consortium/Consortia | partnership among multiple companies in same industry, usually w/aim of conducting costly research and development work; costs and results are shared among participating companies |
