| A | B |
|---|
| mercantilism | an economic theory developed in the 17th century that supported European colonialism; taught that controlling trade is a key to increasing power; policy of establishing colonies to gain wealth by controlling colonial trade; also states that colonies should benefit the mother country; the primary economic policy used by the Spanish with their Latin American colonies; was also meant to create a favorable balance of trade |
| the European “Scramble for Africa” | provided a source of free labor for the Americas |
| peninsulares | social class in colonial Latin America that controlled most of the political, economic, and social power in the country |
| imperialism | belief that it was the duty of Western colonial powers to civilize the people they controlled, non-Europeans |
| European colonies in Africa and Asia | increased efforts to gain independence from their European masters after World War II |
| empire | an extensive territory under the rule of a single authority |
| Sepoy Rebellion | was one cause of the independence movement in India |
| inflation | the rise in prices as colonies supply large amounts something valuable such as gold or silver |
| Opium Wars | marked the beginning of the domination of China by foreign powers |
| Sepoy Rebellion in India and the Boxer Rebellion in China | opposed European imperialism; attempted to remove foreign influences |
| encomienda system | led to the use of forced labor in colonial Latin America |
| examples of imperialist nations | The Spanish (who controlled Latin America), the Portuguese (who controlled Macao), and the British (who controlled India and China) |
| Sepoy Mutiny in India, the Zulu resistance in southern Africa, and the Boxer Rebellion in China | resulted from native reaction to foreign interference in the region |
| European nations | adhered to the policies of mercantilism and imperialism; established colonies that were supposed to benefit them; grew wealthy and powerful through trade and conquest; faced native resistance from certain colonies; used advanced technology to conquer foreign nations |
| Examples of nations that served as European colonies | China, India, Africa, Latin America |
