| A | B |
|---|
| Spain and Portugal | peninsular location |
| Korea | its geographical location caused it to serve as a cultural bridge between China and Japan |
| China | geography: the east is bordered by the Yellow Sea; the population is concentrated along the coast and in the river alleys; mountains, plateaus, and deserts dominate the western region. norhern and western mountain ranges helped China remain isolated for many centuries |
| Japan and Incas | mountainous topography; build terraces into the mountainsides |
| Africa | geography: large areas in the north and south received less than ten inches of rainfall annually; the presence of waterfalls and rapids slowed river travel; highlands and steep cliffs limited exploration |
| harsh climate | helped Russia to defeat Hitler's army and Napoleon's army |
| Persian Gulf | contains most of the world's known oil reserves |
| natural resources | geographic factor that helped attract European investors to southern Africa and southeast Asia during the 19th century |
| river valleys | geographic feature that had the greatest influence on the development of ancient civilizations such as South Asia and China |
| Latin America | diverse landforms (which limited unity) |
| South Korea, Saudi Arabia, and India | peninsular location |
| South America | Andes Mountains |
| Greece and Japan | irregular coastline |
| geographic isolation of a society | leads to the strengthening of traditional culture |
| Russia | size and climate (which protected it from French and German invaders) |
