| A | B |
|---|
| Laid down the “Clear and present danger” exception to speech | Schenck v. United States |
| New York public schools could not start each school day with a school led non-denominational prayer | Engel v. Vitale |
| Ruled establishment clause isn’t violated if only student is aided. Students were bused to church school. | Everson v. Board of Ed. |
| Clergy cannot give prayer at high school graduation | Lee v. Weisman |
| Nativity scene by itself in a courthouse, violates the establishment clause | Allegheny County v. ACLU |
| Described measures a judge should take to reduce press coverage of a trial. Free press can’t interfere with fair trial. | Sheppard v. Maxwell |
| Known as the Pentagon Papers, allowed embarrassing information about the government to be printed | New York Times v. United States |
| School officials can search student’s property without probable cause if they believe student has broken a school rule | New Jersey v. TLO |
| Ruled that the Flag Protection Act was unconstitutional | United States v. Eichman |
| Nativity Scene is constitutional if secular items (reindeer) included. | Lynch v. Donnelly |
| Cable television isn’t regulated the same as broadcast television | Turner Broadcasting v. FCC |
| Schools have broad authority to regulate student newspapers | Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier |
| The Smith Act is constitutional, convictions of communist leaders in America are upheld | Dennis v. United States |
| Case laid down three-part test for symbolic speech including that limits be narrowly drawn | United States v. O’Brien |
| Flag burning is protected as free speech | Texas v. Johnson |
| Established three-part test for what state aid to religion was constitutional | Lemon v. Kurtzman |
| Established the Courts position on prior restraint in 1931. Struck down state law against defamatory press | Near v. Minnesota |
| Schools do not have to tolerate lewd and vulgar speech – it isn’t protected by the first amendment | Bethel v. Fraser |
| Schools can’t limit speech unless it creates a material and substantial disruption | Tinker v. Des Moines |
| Cities may limit picketing or protesting in front of private homes | Frisby v. Schultz |
| Extended first amendment to states. Endorsed the bad tendency test for speech cases. | Gitlow v. New York |
| Ruled a judge’s gag order to not allow press to publicize a murder confession was unconstitutional | Nebraska Press Assoc. v. Stuart |
| Ten Commandments cannot be hung in school classrooms even with a secular explanation | Stone v. Graham |
| Ruled the Bill of Rights, only applied to federal government – not states. Eventually overturned. | Barron v. Baltimore |
| The press and the public don’t have 6th Amendment right to attend pretrial proceedings | Gannet Co v. De Pasquale |
| Press and public do have a 1st Amendment right to attend trials except in hearings involving suppression of evidence | Richmond Newspaper v. Virginia |
| Klansman’s rights were violated. Can’t stop speech unless lawless activity is “imminent” | Brandenburg v. Ohio |
| Student led prayer over public address at public school football games is unconstitutional. | Santa Fe Ind School v. Doe |
| It is wrong to wrong to encourage the overthrow of the U.S. govt. but not wrong to advocate belief in the idea. | Yates v. United States |
