| A | B |
|---|
| The opening of the nose | external nares |
| The air-filled cavity behind the nose | Nasal Cavity |
| The scientific name for the “windpipe” | Trachea |
| One of the two branches formed by division of the trachea | Primary Bronchus |
| The second branch formed by division of the trachea | Secondary Bronchus |
| The area below the nasal cavities that is common to both the digestive and respiratory systems | Pharynx |
| A small air-conducting tube containing a smooth muscle layer but little or no cartilage | Bronchiole |
| The blood vessels associated with the respiratory structure involved in external gas exchange | Capillary |
| The substance that carries most of the oxygen in the blood | Hemoglobin |
| The substance that carries most of the carbon dioxide in the blood | Water |
| The destruction of the alveoli of the lungs often related to heavy smoking | Emphysema |
| A type of COPD in which the airways are continually inflamed | Chronic Bronchitis |
| A type of COPD in which the alveoli of the lungs coalesce | Emphysema |
| An allergic reaction that affects the bronchial tubes | Asthma |
| The inner layer of the digestive tract | Mucosa |
| The middle layer of the digestive tract | Muscularis |
| The outer layer of the digestive tract | Serosa |
| Folds in the stomach that are absent if the stomach is full | Rugae |
| The proximal region of the stomach (closest to the heart) | Cardiac |
| The middle region of the stomach | Body |
| The “dome-shaped” structure of the stomach | Fundus |
| The distal region of the stomach | Pylorus |
| The valve between the distal end of the stomach and the small intestine | Pyloric Sphincter |
| The first portion of the small intestine | Duodenum |
| The second portion of the small intestine | Jejunum |
| The third portion of the small intestine | Ileum |
| The “pouch” at the proximal large intestine | Cecum |
| The worm shaped appendage attached to the cecum | Vermiform Appendix |
| Which parts of the large intestine are not parts of the colon? | Cecum and Rectum |
| The portion of the colon between the cecum and liver | Ascending Colon |
| The portion of the colon between the liver and spleen | Transverse Colon |
| The portion of the colon between the spleen and sigmoid colon | Descending Colon |
| The last portion of the colon | Sigmoid Colon |
| The splitting of food molecules by the addition of water | Hydrolysis |
| A waste product produced from the destruction of red blood cells | Bilirubin |
| Which organ (besides the liver) hemolyzes red blood cells | Spleen |
| What chemical has built up in the blood if the skin appears yellow | Bilirubin |
| What do we call the condition where the skin appears yellow | Jaundice |
| Which organ of the body removes bilirubin from the blood | Liver |
| what is produced by the break down of bilirubin | Bile |
| Bile is stored in the _____ until we eat a fatty meal. | Cholecyst (gallbladder) |
| Bile helps emulsify _____ in our diet. | Lipids |
| A pancreatic enzyme that splits proteins into amino acids | Protease |
| Inflammation of the stomach and intestine | Gastroenteritis |
| A microscopic functional unit of the kidney | Nephron |
| An enzyme produced by the kidney | Renin |
| The process by which substances leave the glomerulus and enter the glomerular capsule | Filtration |
| The hormone that increases the permeability of the DCT and collecting duct to water (increasing water reabsorption) | ADH Antidiuretic Hormone |
| An indication of the amount of dissolved substances in the urine | Specific Gravity |
| The presence of an abundant blood protein in the urine | Albuminuria |
| The general condition caused by accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood | Uremia |
| Select the correct order of urine flow from its source to the outside of the body | Renal Pelvis, Ureter, Urinary Bladder, Urethra |
| The enzyme renin raises blood pressure by activating | Angiolensin |
| The scientific name for the throat | Pharynx |
| The glottis is covered by the _____ during swallowing | Epiglottis |
| The left primary bronchus is formed by the division of the | Trachea |
| The layer of the digestive tract wall that produces mucus | Mucosa |
| The breakdown of food into small particles that can pass through intestinal cells | digestion |
| The blood vessels that drain the kidney | Renal Vein |
| Process by which substances leave convoluted tubule and return to the blood | Reabsorption |
| The presence of this material in the urine results in pyuria | Pus |
| The scientific name for the voice box | Larynx |
| The leaf-shaped structure that helps to prevent the entrance of food into the trachea | Epiglottis |
| The only respiratory structures containing specialized capillary beds for external respiration | Alveolus |
| The process by which oxygen moves from the blood into tissue | Internal Respiration |
| A lower than normal concentration of oxygen in the tissues | Hypoxia |
| Heavy smoking is often related to the destruction of the _____ of the lungs causing emphysema. | Alveoli |
| Carbon dioxide will diffuse out of the blood (into the air) during | External Respiration |
| The transfer of nutrients into the bloodstream | Absorption |
| The breakdown (chemical and mechanical) of food into small particles that can pass through intestine | Digestion |
| What kind of muscle is found in the muscularis layer of the digestive tract? | Smooth Muscle |
| The section of the small intestine that receives gastric juices and food from the stomach | Duodenum |
| A blind-ended lymphatic vessel that absorbs fat | Lacteal |
| The chemical that speeds the splitting of food molecules | Enzyme |
| The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside | Urethra |
| The word part _____ means kidney | Nephr/o |
| A tube connecting the kidney to the bladder | ureter |
| The blood vessels (ball of capillaries) connecting the afferent and efferent arteriole | Glomerulus |
| The hormone produced in the kidney that stimulates erythrocyte synthesis by the red bone marrow | Erythropoitin |
| The presence of blood in the urine | Hematuria |
| Elimination of very large amounts of urine | Polyuria |
| Inflammation of the urinary bladder | Cystitis |
| Urine does NOT usually contain | Blood, Pus, Casts, Glucose, Microbes, Bilirubin, Albumin, Keytone Body |
| The trachea is held open by c-shaped rings of | Cartilage |
| Each lobe of the lung is supplied air by a ____ bronchus. | Secondary Bronchus |
| The structure found where the primary bronchi bifurcate from the trachea | Carina |
| The layer of the digestive tract wall that is responsible for peristalsis | Muscularis |
| The process of chewing | Mastication |
| The process of swallowing | Deglutition |
| The blood vessels that that feed the kidneys | Renal Arteries |
| The presence of this material in the urine results in cylindruria. | Casts |
| _____ (whose name means between white blood cells) are produced by Helper T-cells and stimulate B-Cells (Beta Cells) | Interleukins |
| After being stimulated by interleukins _____ turn into plasma cells | B Cells |
| Antigens are presented to Helper T-Cells by | Macrophage |
| Foreign proteins or pathogens are called _____ when they enter the body | Antigen |
| High levels of _____ stimulate Suppressor T-Cell which stops further antibody production | Antibody |
| This stoppage of further antibody production (see last question) is an example of _____ feedback. | Negative |
| The leukocytes that actually produce the antibodies against the pathogens are called | Plasma Cells |
| What kind of leukocyte remains in the body after the infection is gone | B Cells / Beta Lymphocytes |
| What kind of leukocyte ingests antigens | Macrophage |
| The gamete of the male | Spermatazoa |
| The gamete of the female | Ova |
| The gonad of the male | Testes |
| The gonad of the female | Ovaries |
| Fringelike extensions that sweep the ovum into the tube | Fimbriae |
| The name of the tube that carries the ovum to the uterus (not uterine tube) | Fallopian |
| Where fertilization usually occurs | Fallopian Tube |
| Scientific term for the process that attaches the embryo to the uterus | Implantation |
| Scientific name for the egg | Ovum |
| The fertilized “egg” is called a | Zygote |
| Does the umbilical cord belong to the mother, baby, or both? | Baby |
| What attaches the umbilical cord to the mother? | Placenta |
| The cheese-like material that protects the skin of the fetus | Vernix Caseosa (worm cheese) |
| Term for a person who has a recessive gene but does not exhibit the trait | Carrier |
| Is the ovum released directly into the mother’s abdominal cavity? | Yes |
| Name one difference between the egg of a chicken and the ovum of a woman. | Shell/ Yolk |
| The name of an unborn child that becomes a fetus. | Embryo |
| The real name for a miscarriage | Spontaneous Abortion |
| Term for a gene that is always seen (manifested) in the offspring | Dominant |
| What do you call a gene that must be received from both parents before it is seen (manifested) in the offspring? | Recessive |
| Term describing any trait (defect) present at birth | Congenital |
| What are the two possible causes of defects present at birth? | Genetic/Development |
| Kind of cell division that forms somatic cells | Mitotic |
| Kind of cell division that forms gametes | Meiotic |
| Primary male hormone | Testosterone |
| Primary female hormone | Progesterone and Estrogen |
| Do females have testosterone? | Yes |
| Do males have estrogen? | Yes |
| Name the two kinds of erectile tissues. | Corpus Spongiosum/Corpus Cavernosum |
| Name of the fluid filled cavity present during the 1st ½ of the menstrual month | Graafian Follicle |
| The solid gland present during the second ½ of the menstrual month | Corpus Luteum |
| Term for decreased number of spermatozoa | Oligospermia |
| Term for menstrual flow | Menorrhea |
| Term for excessive flow | Menhorrhagia |
| Term for difficult menses | Dysmenorrhea |
| Term for slight flow | Oligomenhorrea |
| Name for the duration of pregnancy, about 40 weeks | Gestation |
| What 5 structures are only present prior to birth? | Ductus Arteriosus, Ductus Venosus, Foramen Ovale, Umbilical Arteries (2), Umbilical Stem |
| What organs of the fetus are not functional prior to birth? | Lungs |
| The “female” chromosome | X |
| The male chromosome | Y |
| Name for any change in the genetic code | Mutation |
| Is this change in the genetic code usually a good or bad thing? | Bad |
| Are most deleterious (bad) genes dominant or recessive? | Recessive |
| Which parent’s gametes determine the gender of the child? | Father |
| Protein synthesis occurs in the _____ of the cell. | Ribosomes |
| The building blocks of proteins are | Amino Acids |
| chemicals that speed up a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction | Catalysts |
| catalysts made out of proteins | Enzymes |
| Enzymes are synthesized in the _____ of the cell. | Ribosomes |
