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| Attentive Public | The sector of society that is interested in politics and undertands how govertment works. |
| Public Opinion | How people feel or think about particular things impacts voting and the way people think. |
| Explain how each of the following hold the President accountable: reelection and legacy, Congress, the Supreme Court, the Media, public opinion. | The president wants to get reelected so he/she has to satisfy the demands of the people who are going to vote for him. In his legacy the president wants to be remembered well. The Congress can veto the bills of the President and vice versa. The supreme court can state whether the President's laws are constitutional or not. The media can give the President the message that he wants to get out to the people so they will vote for him/her. The people's public opinion can have an impact on the President because if he doesn't address their concerns then the people won't vote for him. |
| Describe the structure and the duties of the White House Staggm the Executive Office of the President, and the Cabinet. | The White House has a Chief of Staff whose duties are to choose the staff members and controls the flow of people and information within his office. He also negotiates with Congress and political groups about implementing the President's daily agenda. The Executive Office of the President has a senior staff with many mini divisions under the Chief of Staff some of thier duties are to help support the President in decision making so he can govern effectively. The Cabinet is made up of officers appointed by the President to be in charge of different divisions in the government their duties are to assist the President with his duties so he can focus on more important matters and everyone else in the Cabinet can focus on their group. |
| Describe the conflicts created between the legislative and executive branches over each of the following: war powers, confirmation politics, executive privilege, executive orders, veto politics, budget and spending. | The executive and legislative branch conflict with war powers because the executive can get armies ready to go to war but the legislative has to approve that the army can go to war. In confirmation politics when they veto each other's laws because the executive can veto and so can the legislative. The executive vetos the legislative laws and the legislative revises them, confirms them, then veto the executive's laws they revise the law and veto the legislative law and the whole thing is a big cycle.In executive privileges when the executive claims executive privilege the legislature cannot intervene with the decision. In executive orders when the legislature has no say in enacting the order or not because the executive has already ordered it to be final. Veto politics whtn the branches take advantage of the veto power and veto laws that don't favor a party to get the preffered laws to pass. In budget and spending when the legislature sets a balance and then the executive goes over the budget and is spending more money even after a budget was set to control the flow of money. |
| Explain the differences in political culture of the four major ethnic groups | Americans think it’s very important that everybody should be equal politically, but not equal economically. However, other nations believe that it should be equal politically and economically. Swedish political culture is more deferential than participatory. In Japan, it has a different history and a set of traditions. Japanese attached greater value to maintaining good relations with colleagues, having decisions made by groups, and displaying respect for hierarchy. The American has a stronger sense of civic duty and civic competence than Great Britain. |
| Show how has the political power of women changed in the past two decades | The past two decades the political power of women changed because now we have the first woman Speaker of the House. Also, in the early 1990s, the family and medical leave act of 1993 guarantees women 12 weeks of unpaid leave from work after giving birth. |
| Explain which policy issues divide men and women | Men and women were divided by employment, job wages, and the right to vote. Women didn’t have the right to vote until 1920 because of the 19th amendment. Prior to the equal pay act of 1963, men and women had different wages even though they have the same job superiority. Also, women didn’t have the same chance of getting a job a men did because the society thought that men are better of getting the job done. |
| winner-take-all | the winner of the primary or electoral college vote takes all of the state's convention or electoral delegates. |
| soft money | funds raised by political parties toward party building and not directed toward supporting federal candidates. |
| Describe connections between political culture and political participation. | An individual's political culture includes their political ideology and views. The determines whether or not they will participate in polotics, which party they will identify with, and who they vote for. |
| Saliency | the state or quality of an item that stands out relative to neighboring items |
| voter registration | Voter registration is important because the only way to relaly participate in politics is to vote. Countries with higher numbers of voting registration are happier with how their government is run. If someone is not registered, they can't vote for the laws that rule them or the people that enforce those laws. |
| voting eligibility | Three ways voting eligibility has been expanded are: a. 15th amendment 1870 "right of citizens of the U.S. to vote shall not be denied" b. grandfather clause based voter eligibility/registration whether or not a citizen had three previous generations who were citizens of the U.S. c. 19th amendment 1919 gave women the right to vote |
| low voter turnout | Several causes for low voter turnout are: a. rising level of distrust in government b. low number of registered voters c. lots of young adults between 18 and 25 don't vote or aren't registered d. political parties aren't as convincing to mobilize voters |
| Explain the fundamental assumptions of libertarianism, environmentalism, and socialism. | - Libertarisnism is based on the ideas of weak government and social freedom. Libertarians typically believe a strong government would be too oppressive on individual rights. - Environmentalism is based on protecting the environment from harm due to human activities. Based on scientific knowledge, environmentalists know the various adverse effects human activities have on the environment, and lobby to prevent them. - Socialism is based on controlling the means of production of goods in order to benefit the people. Socialists believe that capitalism results in an unequal partitioning of capital within the elite, and they want this capital to be shared with everyone. |
| Explain how the range of ideological alignments effects the policy-making in our governmental system. | Due to how our government system works, the wide range of ideological alignments are represented by various minor parties. They never manage to be elected into office, but their political agendas bring their collective issues to the attention of the major parties, and those parties may form policies that address them. |
| Explain how geography is a part of our diversity. Consider regional geography and urban, suburban, and rural geography. | A wide political diversity exists throughout differnet geographic regions. The South and the Rocky Mountain regions tend to vote Republican, and the Pacific Coast tends to vote Democratic. Also, urban areas tend to support organized labor whereas rural areas are more accomodating to business enterprise. |
| Explain how polls are used to measure public opinion. | Polls measure public opinion by taking large, random samples of individuals within a population and ask them comprehensive questions without fancy wording. These questions yield answers without bias that are accurate representations of public opinion. |
| List at least three ways in addition to voting that Americans participate in the political process. | Americans participate in the political process by helping politicians and issues through campaigning, contacting their local government officials with their own issues and by participating in community activism and protests. |
| Rank the following in importance for voters: party identification, candidate appeal and issues. | Issues are the most important factors to a voter, followed by party identification and lastly, candidate appeal. |
