| A | B |
|---|
| neutron | particle with no charge and 1 amu |
| proton | particle with a +1 charge and 1 amu |
| electron | particle with a -1 charge and no amu |
| nucleus | the center part of the atom, containing the most mass |
| ion | an atom with an unbalanced charge |
| isotope | two atoms with different amounts of neutrons |
| valence electrons | the electrons in the outermost ring in an atom |
| ionic bond | a bond created between two ions |
| covalent bond | a bond created by atoms sharing electrons to make a full orbit |
| molecule | a substance made up of two or more atoms |
| exothermic reaction | one that produces heat |
| endothermic reaction | one that absorbs heat |
| thermal energy | energy through heat |
| chemical energy | energy stored in atomic bonds |
| kinetic energy | energy through moving particles |
| potential energy | any type of energy that is stored |
| atom | the smallest part of an element which still retains its properties. An atom is made up of protons neutrons, and elecrons |
| cation | an ion with a positive charge |
| anion | an ion with a negative charge |
| physical change | a change which changes how an element looks, but not it's chemical equation |
| chemical change | a change which changes the chemical elements in a substance |
| Solid | a solid state of matter. The atoms are all connected and they move very little. |
| Liquid | A flowing state of matter. The atoms are still bonded but the substance can change shape. The atoms move more than they do in a solid state. |
| Gas | A state of matter where independent particles and molecules move freely. Therefore, gas can be as small or as big as it's container (to a certain point) and can change shape. |
| Plasma | Plasma is essentially energized gas. |
| State change | an instant where a substance changes it's state. For instance, at 32ºF, water turns into ice. |
| Radient Energy | Energy that radiates through water or air, similar to thermal energy. |
| Bond | a connection between two or more atoms. They may bond because of their electrical charge, or by sharing electrons to complete a full outer orbit. |
| electron dot diagram | a diagram displaying how electrons are distributed between atoms |
| Conduction | the transfer of heat through physical contact |
| Convection | the transfer of heat through a medium, such as air or water |
| heat transfer | the means in which heat is transferred from substance to substance |
| Energy Cycle | a cycle on earth which shows the distribution of energy. It c0mes from the sun, goes to the plants, and animals eat the plants. |
| Autotroph | An organism that produces it's own food/energy |
| Heterotroph | An organism that needs to eat other organisms for energy. |
| Calorie | The amount of energy it takes to heat 1 gram of water 1 degree (C) |
