| A | B |
|---|
| microorganism | a very small organism that can be seen only with a microscope |
| bacteria | a large group of one-celled organisms without nuclei that sometimes cause disease |
| virus | a nonliving, disease-causing particle that uses the materials inside cells to reproduce; consists of genetic material enclosed in a protein capsid (protein coat) |
| pathogen | an organism that causes disease; comes from the Greek word pathos, which means "suffering" |
| antibiotic | a group of medicines used to kill or slow the growth of bacteria that cause disease |
| infectious disease | diseases that can be spread; caused by viruses, bacteria and other pathogens |
| vector | insects or animals that transmit a disease from one organism to another organism |
| carrier | a human that is infected with and can transmit a disease-causing microbe to another living thing, even though showing no symptoms of illness or disease |
| noninfectious disease | a disease that cannot be spread from one organism to another |
| resistance | the ability of an organism to protect itself from a disease or the effects of a substance |
| mutagen | ORIGIN- Latin meaning agent of change; an agent that changes the genetic material (usually DNA) of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations |
| carcinogen | Mutagens can be a ___ (able to cause cancer). |
| Edward Jenner | In 1796, ___ made the first vaccine for smallpox. |
| contagion | an infectious disease that can be transmitted or spread from one organism to another |
| Louis Pasteur | -a French chemist, who did experiments to show microorganisms caused food to decay; -germ theory states that some diseases, called infectious diseases, are caused by germs |
| pasteurization | a process which uses heat to slow microbial growth in foods & milk |
| antibiotics | first discovered in 1928 when scientist Alexander Fleming was performing experiments on bacteria |
| antibiotic resistance | what occurs when bacteria develop a tolerance to and survive treatment with drugs that once killed them |
| antimicrobial | a substance that is designed to kill microbes before they can enter the body |
| vaccine | a small dose of a weakened or inactivated form of a pathogen that is introduced to the human body; helps the body's immune system to recognize, remember, and destroy the pathogen; used to prevent diseases caused by many viruses and bacteria |
