| A | B |
|---|
| climate | weather conditions at a place over a period of years |
| county | largest unit of local government within a state (contain cities, villages, townships) |
| ethnic diversity | variety of customs, ideas, artistic styles obtained from several ethnic groups living in the same area |
| ethnic groups | those based on race or place of origin; each group has similar customs & beliefs |
| forge | to form or shape, often out of metal as in a blacksmith's shop |
| latitude | measurement of Earth--horizontal lines on a globe or map |
| longitude | measurement of Earth--vertical lines on a map or globe |
| peninsula | portion of land nearly surrounded by water |
| province | administrative district or division of a country; Canada's equivalent of a state |
| suburb | smaller town close to or touching the edge of a large city |
| tri-county area | Wayne, Oakland, Macomb |
| coral | rock-like skeleton of various salt water forms of life which live in colonies |
| erosion | wearing away of soil or rock by wind or water |
| fossil | impression or trace of an animal or plant which has been preserved in rock or actually changed into rock itself |
| geologist | scientist who studies rocks and the formation of the Earth |
| Lost Interval | a period of 279 million years for which no fossils or rocks can be found in the Michigan area |
| archaeologist | scientist who studies about past human life & activities |
| glacier | very thick sheet of ice which slowly covers a wide are of land b/c more snow falls in the winter than can melt in the summer |
| mammoth | a large hairy or wooly animal like an elephant with large curvy tusks; usually live in grassy areas |
| mastodon | elephant-like animal with barely curved tusks; usually lived in swampy areas |
| Paleo Indians | first people who lived in Michigan |
| Paleo | ancient |
| radio-carbon dating | test used to determine the age of fossils; measures the tiny amount of radioactivity left once a thing has died |
| AD | means year of our Lord; present time period |
| BC | before Christ |
| culture | refers to ideas and ways of doing things that a group of people share in common |
| mound | large rounded earthen burial plot where some early Indians placed their dead |
| Copper Culture People | Indians that mined copper over 6,000 years ago on Isle Royale |
| Hopewell People | Indians that buried their dead in mounds |
| Norton Mounds | largest mounds found in Michigan (at Grand Rapids) |
| Traverse City | 45ºN |
| 45ºN | equidistant point from equator to North Pole |
| Detroit | 38ºW |
| Anishinabe | Ojibwa word meaning first man or original man |
| biased idea | idea which we have formed w/o actually studying the facts |
| clan | group where everyone has a common ancestor |
| migrate | movement of an entire group of people from one area to another |
| stereotype | considering everyone in a group to be alike based on an actual experience limited to a few members |
| Sioux | "snake" |
| Three Fires | Potawatomi, Ojibwa, Ottawa |
| Iroquois | aggressive Indian tribe but did NOT live in Michigan |
| Huron | Indians with the mohawk |
| Algonquian | language of the Indians (except Huron & Iroquois) |
| Ojibwa | "puckered moccasin" |
| Ottawa | "to trade" |
| Potawatomi | "keepers of the fire" |
| Menominee | "wild rice people" |
| Huron | "hair of a pig" |
| baggataway | popular Indian stick ball game |
| longhouse | rectangular structure of poles & sheets of bark; used by the Hurons |
| pemmican | mixture of venison pounded into a paste with fat & dried berries; used for emergency rations |
| wigwam | dome-shaped framework of poles covered with hides or birchbark |
| calumet | French word for pipe |
