| A | B |
|---|
| Allele | One of the number of different forms of a gene |
| Phenotype | Physical characteristics of an organism |
| Genetics | Scientific study of heredity |
| Dominant | Form of a trait that is exhibited |
| Trait | Specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another |
| Gene | A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait |
| Heterozygous | Term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait |
| Genotype | Genetic makeup of an organism |
| Homozygous | Term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait |
| Recessive | Trait that is only observed when the dominant allele is not present |
| Punnett Square | Diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross |
| Variation | Members of each species vary from one another in important ways |
| Sexual Reproduction | Process by which cells from two different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism |
| Asexual Reproduction | Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself |
| Advantage of Sexual Reproduction | Increases variation in a population and therefore the chance of survival in a changing environment |
| Adaptation | Any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance for survival |
| Structural Adaptation | Physical features of an organism like the shell on a turtle or the neck on a giraffe that help it survive |
| Behavioral Adaptation | The things organisms do to survive like bears hibernating or opossums playing dead |
| Internal Adaptation | Internal responses to stimuli in order to help an organism maintain homeostasis like sweating or the tanning of skin |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid; hereditary material of a cell |
| Chromosome | Structure composed of DNA wrapped around proteins |
| What determines the characteristics that an organism exhibits | Both genes and environmental factors |
| TT | Homozygous Dominant |
| Tt | Heterozygous |
| tt | Homozygous Recessive |
