| A | B |
|---|
| roles of the knee. the knee... | transmits loads, participates in motion, aids in the conservation of momentum and provides a force couple for activities involving the leg |
| the knee is the...joint in the human body | largest and most complex joint |
| the knee is a...composed of.. | is a two-joint structure composed of the tibiofemoral joint and the patellofemoral joint |
| the knee motion occurs... | simultaneously in three planes but the motion in one plane is much greater than the other planes |
| although many muscles produce forces on the knee, at any instance in time... | one muscle group predominates |
| genu varum | small or negative Q angle |
| genu valgum Q angle | Q angle>17 degrees |
| the...joint is the main joint in the knee | tibiofemoral joint |
| the largest range of motion of the knee is in the | sagittal plane (i.e. flexion-extension) |
| motion in sagittal plane is from | 0-140 degrees of flexion |
| motion in transverse plane | (internal-external rotation) is influenced by the position of the joint in the sagittal plane |
| motion in frontal plane | abduction-adduction) is similarly affected by joint flexion |
| motion in transverse plane. with the knee in full extension, rotation is | almost completely restricted by the interlocking of the femoral and tibial condyles |
| motion in transverse plane. interlocking of the femoral and tibial condyles occurs bc | he medial femoral condyleis longer than the lateral femoral condyle |
| motion in transverse plane. the range of motion...as knee is flexed reaching a max of...with the knee in this position external rotation ranges from...and internal rotation from...these motions together are referred to as the... | the range of motion increases as the knee is flexed reaching a maximum of 90o–with the knee in this position, extneral rotation ranges from 0 to ~45oand internal rotation from 0 -~30o • these motions together are referred to as the “screw home mechanism |
| motion in frontal plane is influenced by... | sagittal plane motion |
| motion in frontal plane. ...precludes almost all motion in frontal plane | full extension of the knee precludes almost all motion in the frontal plane |
| motion in frontal plane. passive abduction/adduction increases with | passive abduction/adduction increases with knee flexion up to 30obut only reaches a few degrees |
| motion in frontal plane. with the knee flexed beyond 30, motion in frontal plane... | with the knee flexed beyond 30o, motion in the frontal plane decreases because of soft tissue |
