| A | B |
|---|
| Charles Darwin | Father of evolution – wrote a book – On the Origins of Species published 1859 book was finished in 1844 Survival of the fittest. |
| Charles Lyell | American geologist that influenced Darwin. Lyell believed the building and tearing down mountains took a long time. |
| Thomas Malthus | Lived before Darwin – populations grow much faster than the rate of food supplies and resources can be produced. The strongest of the species are the ones that survive |
| Alfred Wegener | First one that said continents move – plate tectonics |
| decent with modification | – life has a history of change earliest organisms moved into various habitats – over time these organisms accumulated differences or modifications that helped them survive. These changes created different species. |
| natural selection | individual with inherited traits which are better suited to their environments have a greater chance of producing offspring therefore passing on those traits |
| fossil record | Chronological time scale of life recorded in rock layers. |
| relative dating | only know that an item is older than other things but not sure how exactly old the that item is |
| absolute dating | – tells exactly how old an item is. Carbon dating is often used to find an absolute date of an item |
| analogous structures | look different but have the same function |
| Vestigial Structures | Structures that may have been important in an ancestor but is no longer functional in the modern organism. |
| Homologous Structures | look the same but have different functions |
| Variation | the differences between members of the same species |
| Natural vs. Artificial Selection | Natural selection is random – from nature Artificial selection is directed by humans. |
| Pesticides and Antibiotics affect | Pesticides on crops, some bugs will survive and will pass on that immunity on to their offspring – soon the pesticide will not work. |
| scopes | The name of the teacher and trial about evolution |
| Timing reproductive barriers | timing of courtship and mating behaviors effect breeding |
| geographic barriers | species that get separated for a long period of time evolve differently and become different species |
| beagle | name of Darwin's ship |
| Habitat | where organisms live and breed Stickel fish |
| disruptive natural selection | favors both extremes |
| stablizing natural selection | favors the average |
| directional natural selection | favors one extreme or the other |
| Alfred Wallace | same theory as Darwin was going to publish too |
| Hardy - Weinberg | gene pool will stay stable for a long time if species is well adapted to environment |
| Keeping a srable gene pool | no migration, bredding is random, large population, no natural selection |
| founder effect | huge change in gene pool due to a disaster |
| nutation | and change in the DNA |
| gene flow | movement of genes between different gene pools |
| reproductive behavior | courtship mating rituals - birds dancing |
| hybrid zygotes | chromosomes not compatible - baby never develops |
| adaptive radiation | group of same species move to new and different enviroments - develop into different species |
| gradualism | changes to speices happen slowly and over a long period of time |
| punctuated equalibrium | species stay the same for a long time then a sudden drastic change follow by no change for a long time |
| gene pool | a pool where all the possible combinations of genes can be found |
| microevolution | change in gene pool over a short period of time |
| Darwin's 2 theories | decent with modification and natural selection |
