| A | B |
|---|
| Freeport Doctrine | proposed by Stephen Douglas that put the control of the slavery issue back in the hands of American citizens (popular sovereignty) which helped Douglas win the Senate seat in 1858 |
| Henry Clay | "The Great Compromiser" who proposed the Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850 |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | wrote the antislavery novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin |
| Abraham Lincoln | Republican candidate that won the election of 1860. He opposed slavery but promised not to abolish it where it already existed |
| Jefferson Davis | Mississippi senator who later became President of the Confederate States of America |
| South Carolina | first state to secede from the Union |
| popular soverignty | voters in a territory decide whether or not to allow slavery |
| Pottawatomie Massacre | incident in which abolitionist John Brown and seven other men murdered pro-slavery Kansans in retaliation for the Sack on Lawrence |
| secession | act of formally withdrawing from the Union; an issue not directly addressed in the U.S. Constitution |
| Fugitive Slave Act | law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders |
| Southern Democrats, Northern Democrats, Republicans, and Constitutional Union | 4 political parties that had presidential candidates in the election of 1860 |
| Republican | party formed in 1854 to prevent the spread of slavery to the West |
| Constitutional Union | party that focused on respecting the Constitution, preserving the Union and enforcing the nation's laws |
| Kansas Nebraska Act | introduced by Stephen Douglas after Southern senators agreed to abandon their plans for a southern railroad if the land that remained of the Louisiana Purchase was opened to slavery |
| Compromise of 1850 | Henry Clay's proposed agreement that allowed California to enter the Union as a free state and devided the rest of the Mexican Cession into two territories where slavery would be decided by popular sovereignty; it also strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act |
| Confederate States of America | nation formed by the United States with its own constitution and government officials |
| John Crittenden | introduced a plan at the South Carolina seccession convention to address the fears of the South and prevent seccession and the Civil War |
| Congress had no right to ban slavery in any U.S. territory | Supreme Court ruling made in 1857 about the power of Congress |
| they didn't want to complete with slaves for jobs; most 49ers came from free states, and under Mexican rule, they were not permitted to have slaves. | 3 reasons residents of California wanted to enter as a free state |
| slaves were property | reason that Congress could not ban someone from taking slaves into a federal territory |
| northern abolitionists and southerners who spoke of disunion | 2 groups of people that Daniel Webster criticize in his speech to Congress |
| he became free when he lived in a free territory | reason Dred Scott sued for his freedom |
| James Buchanan | a politician from Pennsylvania who won the election of 1856 |
| sectionalism | when someone is more loyal to a part of the country instead of the whole country |
| Beecher's Bibles | guns that Beecher supplied to abolitionists in Kansas |
| secession | main difference between the Northern and Southern Consitution was the South's addition of what |
| Stephen Douglas | Northern Democratic candidate for the election of 1860 |
| John Bell | Constitutional Union Party delgate for the election of 1860 |
| John Breckinridge | Southern Democratic presidential delegate for the election of 1860 |
| allowed California to enter the union as a free state; divided the Mexican Cession into two territories that would decide on slavery by popular sovereignty; abolished the slave trade in Washington; strenthened the Fugitive Slave Act | 4 provisions of the Compromise of 1850 |
| Roger B. Taney | Chief Justice who wrote the majority opinion in the Dred Scott decision |
| Dred Scott | supreme court case that declared the Missouri Compromise unconsitutuional |
| Lincoln became a presidential candidate for election of 1860 | result of Lincoln-Douglas debates |
| John C. Calhoun | representative from the sout who on his death bed wanted the south to secede from the Union |
| Preston Brooks | representative from South Carolina who attacked Charles Sumner on the Senate floor for insulting his cousin |
| Charles Sumner | representative from Massachusetts who delivered a speech entitled "The Crime Against Kansas" who insulted a proslavery senator from South Carolina who was not present at the time. |
| Franklin Pierce | president who supported the Kansas Nebraska Act |
| David Wilmot | proposed that slavery be outlawed in land won by Mexico |
| Whig Party | party that was wiped out as a result of the Kansas Nebraska Act |
| Sack of Lawrence | when a posse rode to Lawrence to arrest the free-soil leaders but instead set fire to and looted the buildings of Lawrence |
| John Brown | abolitionist that wanted to avenge the attack on Lawrence by killing five proslavery men in the Pottawatomie Massacre |
| Henry Ward Beecher | abolitionist minister who along with his congregation sent rifles to Kansas to fight the pro-slavery settlers |
| Robert E. Lee | Commander of the Confederate forces at the end of the war and captured John Brown at Harper's Ferry |
| John Crittenden | introduced a bill to extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific |
| Free Soil Party | party that wanted to stop slavery from spreading to new territories |
| abolition | an end to slavery |
| nullify | to cancel |
| nullification | belief that states have the right to disobey federal laws with which they disagree |
| Missouri | compromise that admitted Missouri as a slave state |
| Sack of Lawrence | when a posse rode to Lawrence to arrest the free-soil leaders but instead set fire to and looted the buildings of Lawrence |
| Wilmot Proviso | called on Congress to outlaw slavery in any land won by Mexico |
| 3/5's compromise | agreement worked out at the Constitutional Convention stating that three fifts of the slaves in each state shold be counted as part of the state's population for determining representation in the lower house of Congress |
| Crittenden Compromise | a plan introduced at the South Carolina seccession convention to address the fears of the South and prevent seccession and Civil War |
| made people aware of the injustices of slavery and many northerners became abolitionists | impact of Uncle Tom's Cabin |
| Winfield Scott | General in the Mexican War, knick-named Old Fuss and Feathers, who defeated Santa Anna and captured the Mexican |
| Frederick Douglas | escaped slave who wrote an autobiography about his life as a slave |
