| A | B |
|---|
| allele | a variation of a gene’s nucleotide sequence, an alternative form of a gene |
| anther | the microsporangium of an angiosperm in which pollen grains are produced |
| cross-pollination | a reproductvie process in which pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant |
| dominant | referring to an allele that masks the presence of another allele for the same characteristic |
| F1 generation | the offspring of cross-pollinated P1 generation plants |
| F2 generation | the offspring of self-pollinated F1 generation plants |
| genetics | the scientific study of inheritance |
| heredity | the transmission of traits from parents to their offspring |
| law of independent assortment | law stating tha tpairs of genes separate independently of one another in meiosis |
| law of segregation | law stating that pairs of genes separate in meiosis and each gamete receives one gene of a pair |
| molecular genetics | the study of the structure and function of chromosomes and genes |
| P1 generation | a strain obtained through self-pollination |
| pollination | the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma of a flower of the same species |
| pure | a true breeding strain that always produces offspring with a specific trait |
| recessive inheritance | a pattern of inheritance in which the phenotypic effect of one allele is only expressed within a homozygous genotype. In a heterozygous condition with a dominant allele, it is not expressed in the phenotype |
| self-pollination | pollination involving the same flower, flowers onthe same plant, or two genetically identical plants |
| stigma | an expanded apex of a pistil, supported by the style; the part of the pistil that receives pollen |
| trait | in genetics, a category within which alternate characteristics, such as height and eye color, can be observed |
| codominance | an inheritance relationship in which neither of two alleles of the same gene totally masks the other |
| complete dominance | an inheritance relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over the other; both Bb and BB have the same phenotype |
| dihybrid cross | a cross between individuals that involves the pairing of contrasting traits |
| genotype | the genetic composition of an organism with reference to a single trait, a set of traits, or the entire complement of traits of an organism |
| genotypic ratio | the probable ratio of genotypes produced by a cross |
| heterozygous | referring to a gene pair in which the two alleles do not code for the same trait |
| homozygous | referring to a gene pair in which the two allels code for the same trait |
| incomplete dominance | a pattern of inheritance in which two alleles, inherited from the parents, are neither dominant nor recessive. The resulting offspring have a phenotype that is a blending of the parental traits |
| monohybrid cross | a cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits |
| phenotype | the observable expression of a genotype, appearance |
| phenotypic ratio | the probable ratio of phenotypes produced by a cross |
| probability | the number of times an event is expected to happen divided by the number of opportunities for an event to happen |
| Punnett square | a model used to establish the probabilities of the results of a genetic cross |
| testcross | the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype |
| strain | plants that are pure for a specific trait |
| selective breeding | the process of breeding organisms that results in offspring with desired genetic traits |
| multiple alleles | more than two forms of a gene controlling the expression of a trait |
| polygenic trait | a trait in which the phenotype is controlled by two or more genes at different loci on different chromosomes |
| sex-linked trait | – a trait, associated with a gene that is carried by either the male or female parent (eg color blindness) |
