| A | B |
|---|
| Marbury v. Madison (1803) | Established judicial review; "midnight judges;" John Marshall; power of the Supreme Court |
| McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | established national supremacy; established implied powers; use of elastic clause; state unable to tax fed. institution; John Marshall; "the power to tax involves the power to destroy." |
| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | established separate but equal. |
| Schenck v. U.S. (1919) | Oliver Wendell Holmes; clear and present danger test; shouting "fire" in a crowded theater; limites on speech, esp. in wartime |
| Gitlow v. New York (1925) | established precedent of federalizing Bill of Rights (applying them to the states); states cannot deny freedom of speech-protected through due process clause of Amendment 14 |
| Palko v. Connecticut (1937) | provided test for determinging which parts of the Bill of Rights should be federalized- those which are implicity or explicitly neccessary for liberty to exist |
| Brown v. Board, 1st (1954) | school segregation unconstitutional; segregation psychologically damaging to blacks; overturned separate but equal; use of 14th Amendment; judicial activism of Warren Court; unanimous decision. |
| Brown v. Board, 2nd (1955) | Ordered schools to desegregate "with all due and deliberate speed". |
| Mapp v. Ohio (1961) | Established exclusionary rule; illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court. Warren Court's judicial activism |
| Engel v. Vitale (1962) | Prohibited state-sponsored recitation of prayer in public schools by virtue of Amendment 1's establishment clause and the 14th Amendment's due process clause. Warren Court's judicial activism |
| Baker v. Carr (1962) | "One man, one vote". Ordered STATE legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population; Warren Court's political judicial activism |
| Abbington v. Schempp (1963) | Prohibited devotional Bible reading in public schools by virtue of establishment clause and due process clause. Warren Court's judicial activism |
| Gideon v. Wainright (1963) | Ordered states to provide lawyers for those unable to afford them in criminal proceedings. Warren Court's judicial activism in criminal rights. |
| Wesberry v. Sanders (1963) | Ordered HOUSE districts to be as near equal in population as possible. |
| Griswald v. Connecticut (1965) | Established right of privacy through 4th and 9th Amendments. Set a precedence for Roe v. Wade. |
| Miranda v. Arizona (1966) | Established Miranda warnings of counsel and silence. Must be given before questioning. Warren Court's judicial activism in criminal rights. |
| Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) | Allowed states to provide textbooks and busing to students attending private religious schools. Established 3-part test to determine if establishment clause is violated: nonsecular purpose, advances/inhibits religion, excessive entanglement with government. |
| Roe v. Wade (1973) | Established national abortion guidelines; trimester guidelines: no state interference in 1st trimester, state may regulate to protect health of mother in 2nd trimester, state may regulat to protect health of unborn child in 3rd trimester. Inferred from right of privacy established in Griswald v. Conn. |
| U.S. v. Nixon (1973) | Allowed for executive privlelege, but not in criminal cases: "Even the President is not above the law". Watergate. |
| Buckley v. Valeo (1976) | 1st Amendment protects campaign spending; legistlatures can limit contributions, bu tno how much one spends of his own money on campaigns. |
| U.C. Regents v. Bakke (1978) | Alan Bakke & UC Davis Medical School; strict quota unconstitutional, but states may allow race to be taken into account as ONE factor in admissions decisions. Bakke admitted. |
| Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1987) | More leeway for states in regulating abortion, though not an overturn of Roe v. Wad |
| Texas v. Johnson (1989) | Struct down Texas law that banned flad burning, which is a protected form of symbolic speech. |
| Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) | States can regulate abortion, but not with regulations that impose "undue burden" upon women; |
| Shaw v. Reno (1993) | No racial gerrymandering; race cannot be the sole or predominant factor in redrawing legislative boundaries; majority-minority districts. |
| U.S. v. Lopez (1995) | Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress' authority to regulate interstate commerce. |
| Clinton v. New York (1998) | Banned presidential use of line item veto |
| Bush v. Gore (2000) | Use of 14th Amendment's equal protection clause to stop the Florida recount in the election of 2000 |
| Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002) | Public money can be used to send disadvantaged children to religious schools in tuition voucher programs. |
| Ashcroft v. ACLU (2002) | Struck down a federal ban on "virtual" child pornography. |
| Lawrence v. Texas (2003) | Using right of privacy, struck down Texas banning sodomy. |
| Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) | Struck down use of "bonus points" for race in undergrad admissions at U. of Michigan. |
| Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) | Allowed the use of race as a general factor in law school admissions of U. of Michigan. |
| Kelo v. City of New London (2005) | Eminent domain case: Local governments may force the sale of private property and make way for PRIVATE economic development when officials decides it would benefit the public. |
| Gonzalez v. Carhart (2007) | Upheld Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003. |
