| A | B |
|---|
| Why did Columbus refer to Native Americans as Indians? | Because he thought he had reached the East Indies. |
| What was the significance of Magellan's voyage? | It proved once and for all that the world was round. |
| What factors enabled the Spanish to defeat the Aztecs? | Superior weaponry, help froom other natives, and the spread of European disease. |
| How did Spain's colony in New Mexico differ from its colonies in New Spain? | New Mexico offered little in the way of wealth, so the Spanish were more concerned there with spreading the Catholic religion. |
| Why did the natives of New Mexico revolt against the Spanish settlers? | Spanish attempts to destroy their culture and repressive measures, including beatings. |
| Why were France's North American holdings so sparsely populated? | Because most of the settlers were priests or fur trappers who had no desire to build towns or start families. |
| In what ways did the colonies at Jamestown and Massachusetts Bay differ? | Jamestown: economic motivation; early suffering; mostly male. Massachusettes Bay: religious motivation; stable; numerous families. |
| How were the Dutch and French colonies different from the Enflish colonies in North America? | THe English colonies were more populated; while the Dutch and French colonies were established mainly for commerical reasons, New England was begun for religious reasons. |
| Why were the Dutch and French able to coexist in relative peace with the Native Americans? | Because both groups benefited from their cooperation in the fr trade: the Indians did the trapping and then traded the furs to the French and Dutch for numerous desired goods. |
| Why did the issues of land and reliation cause such strife between the Native Americans and English settlers? | The settlers coninually wanted more land for their growing population as well as their crops; they also viewed the natives as godless devils. |
| What may have been one reason the Enlgish eventually beat the French in North America? | The English, unlike the French and Dutch, populated their colonies in North America, so that by the eve of the French and Indian War, England's colonial population was more than 1 million, while France's was only 65,000. |
| What were some characteristics of Muslim and African slavery? | In Muslim society, slaves had legal rights and opportunities for soial mobility; in Africa, slaves could escape their bondage in numerous ways, and slavery was not hereditary. |
| What advantages did Europeans see in enslaving Africans? | Slaved had built up immunity to many diseases, they were experienced in farming, and were in an alien environment which made them less likely to escape. |
| Why did many African rulers participate in the Atlantic slave trade | It was profitable, and they saw little difference between trading African slaves to Muslims and other Africans and Westerners. |
| In what ways did enslaved Africans resist their bondage? | They cut down on their work productivity, they ran away, and they sometimes rebelled. |
| What are some of the contributions that Africans have made to the Americas? | Their labor and techniques helped build many socieities; many aspects of their culture still influence the American way of life; they have influenced the racial makeup of the Americas. |
| How was slavery in the Americas different froms lavery in Africa and Muslim lands? | In most African socieites, slaved could escape their bondage, while in the Americas, most slaves worked for life; unlike in most African societies, slavery in the Americas was hereditary, unlike in most African and Muslim societies, slaves in the Americas lacked legal rights and social mobility. |
| Why is the Columbian Exchange considered a significant event? | It greatly improved diets and lifestyles in Europe and Asia and helped prompt an increase in the world's population; it also led to the death of millions of Native Americans by way of disease. |
| Why would a joint-stock company be popular with investors in overseas colonies? | Because they paid o nly a fraction of the total colonization cost. |
| What role did colonies play in the policy of mercantilism? | They provided gold and silver, as well as raw materials, and were a market for the home country to sell its goods. |
