| A | B |
|---|
| Christopher Columbus | in a competition for wealth in the East amoung European nations this man made a daring voyage for Spain in 1492. |
| colony | a land controlled by a distant nation |
| Hernando Cortes | In 1519, as Magellan embarked on his historic voyage, this Spaniard landed on the shores on Mexico. |
| conquistadors | the Spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the Americas in the 16th century |
| Montezuma II | Aztec emperor who was convinced at first that Cortes was an armor-clad god. |
| Francisco Pizarro | 1532, conquistador who marched an even smaller force into South America. He conquered the mighty Inca Empire. |
| mestizo | of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry |
| encomienda | a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it |
| New France | Settlement once known as Mont Royal, Montreal, Quebec, and then became known as this. |
| Jamestown | A small peninsula named in honor of the English King. |
| Pilgrims | a group of people who, in 1620, founded the colony of Plymouth in Massachusetts to escape religious persecution in England |
| Puritans | a group of people who sought freedom from religious persecution in England by founding a colony at Massachusetts Bay in the early 1600s |
| New Netherland | Dutch holding in North America became known as this. |
| French and Indian War | Conflict which began in 1754. That year a dispute over land claims in the Ohio Valley led to a way between the Britich and French on the North American continent. |
| Metacom | led an attack on 52 colonial villages throughtout Massachusetts. |
| Atlantic slave trade | the buying, transporting, and selling of Africans for work in the Americas |
| triangular trade | the transatlantic trading network along which slaves and other goods were carried between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies in North America |
| middle passage | the voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies, and later to North and South America, to be sold as slaves-so called because it was considered the middle leg of the triangular trade. |
| Columbian Exchange | the global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases that occurred uring the European colonization of the American. |
| Commercial Revolution | the expansion of trade and business that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th centuries. |
| capitalism | an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit. |
| joint-stock company | business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share the profits. |
| mercantilism | an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they brought. |
| favorable balance of trade | an economic situation in which a country exports more than it imports-that is, sells more goods abroad than it buys from abroad. |
