| A | B |
|---|
| Immune Response | An antigen-antibody reaction |
| Vaccination | A weakened strand of the virus is used to stimulate the immune system |
| Antibiotics | Chemicals produced outside the human body, usually by fungi, that can be given to a person to kill the bacteria causing an infection |
| utoimmune system | Results from when the immune system begins to attack normal body tissue |
| AIDS | Develops when the HIV virus destroys the White blood cells and the body is no longer able to protect itself from diseases that may attack it |
| Bone Marrow | lymphocytes made here |
| Immunity | defense against pathogens |
| Pathogen | harmful bacteria, viruses, etc. |
| A substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it | Antigen |
| Battling blood cells - fight disease | White blood cells |
| First line of defense | Skin |
| What causes a fever when you are sick? | Many tissues produce histamine, which raises the body's temperature to help fight illness. |
| Why don't vaccinations usually make you sick? | You receive a very small amount of a weakened pathogen in a vaccine, which is not usually enough to make you sick. |
| What are white blood cells and what is their function in the body? | White blood cells are types of blood cell that destroy foreign materials |
| When skin gets damaged, the body releases histamines, which cause | swelling, redness, and heat |
| You develop active immunity to a pathogen by | producing specific antibodies |
| Vaccines help your body develop | active immune system |
| When foreign material enters the body, one way the immune system responds is by producing | antibodies |
| Which structure in the skin helps control body temperature? | sweat glands |
| Antigen | a foreign substance in the body |
| Aerobic bacteria | bacteria which need oxygen to survive |
| Anaerobic bacteria | bacteria which do not require oxygen - they need Carbon dioxide |
| Antibiotic resistance | evoulutionary change when strains of bacteria becomes immuned to a drug that once worked to kill them |
| Protist | simple eukaryotic organism, may be single & multi-celled, lives in wet environment |
| peptidoglycan | Found in cell walls of bacteria |
| bacteriophage | virus that infects bacterial cells |
| 2 ways a pathogen hurts you | 1. rob you of nutrients, 2. release toxins that kill your cells |
| What non-specific defense do you have against pathogens? | 1. skin (barrier), 2. Mucus (barrier), 3. Sweat (kills some pathogens) |
| What can jeopardize the job of the skin? | cuts |
| What is bacteremia? | When bacteria make their way into the blood stream, highly fatal |
| If a pathogen enters the body who comes to the rescue? | Lymphocytes (White blood cells) |
| What is the second line of defense? | antibody production |
| Where are lymphocytes produced? | Bone marrow |
| Where are lyphocytes found? | Blood and lymph nodes |
| How do lymphocytes respond to antigens? | By producing antibodies |
| When an antibody is produced what happens? | It attaches to the antigen and it is now labeled for destruction |
| Who carries the antigen? | the pathogen |
| Who recognizes the antigen as foreign? | The lymphocytes |
| How long does it take your body to produce antibodies in response to antigens? | 2 weeks |
| What is the goal of a successful vaccine? | Produce antibodies without getting you sick. |
| T/F Vaccines provide the antibodies for the antigens! | False, they are the blueprint for antibody production |
| You are said to be immune to a disease when ___________ | you are vaccinated |
| Does a vaccine contain antibodies? | NO |
| Does a vaccine contain antigens? | YES |
| These particles are non-living BUT contain genetic material | Viruses |
| Viruses need this in order to reproduce | A host cell |
| Viruses trabel via _______ | blood stream |
| HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| What can the doctor give you to treat a viral infection? | Anti-viral medications |
| These particles are uni-cellular prokaryotes who's cell wall is made out of peptidoglycan | bacteria |
| What can the doctor give you to fight off a bacterial infection? | Antibiotics |
| How do antibiotics kill bacteria? (3 ways) | Destroy cell wall, destroy the production of new cell walls, stop the replication process |
| Symptoms of an infection | Increased temperature and elevated white blood cells |
| What are the pros and cons of using bacteriophages against bacterial infections? | PROS- efficiently kill bacteria, CONS- have to follow treatment with anti-viral medication |
| HIV in its advanced form causes | AIDS |
| People with HIV become unable to do this _____________ | fight off infection |
| Approximately how many people are living with HIV/AIDS (in 2008) | ~ 33 million |
| What is a pandemic | an epidemic of infectious disease that is spreading through human populations across a large region |
| Why is HIV calles a retro-virus? | Because it starts off with RNA and then reverses to DNA before beginning more virus production |
| What does the doctor look for when attempting to diagnose you with HIV? | Antibodies against the pathogen HIV |
