| A | B |
|---|
| GENETICS | THE STUDY OF HEREDITY |
| GREGOR MENDEL | THE FATHER OF MODERN GENETICS |
| TRUE-BREEDING | OFFSPRING WOULD PRODUCE ONLY ONE FORM OF A PARTICULAR TRAIT |
| HOMOZYGOUS | HAVING IDENTICAL ALLELES FOR A TRAIT |
| ALLELE | ONE OF TWO OR MORE ALTERNATE FORMS OF A GENE |
| HETEROZYGOUS | HAVING ALLELES FOR A TRAIT THAT ARE DIFFERENT |
| GENOTYPE | THE ACTUAL ALLELES THAT AN ORGANISM POSSESSES |
| PHENOTYPE | PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OF AN ORGANISM DETERMINED BY ITS ALLELES |
| DOMINANT | ALLELE THAT ACHIEVES EXPRESSION IN A HETEROZYGOTE |
| RECESSIVE | ALLELE THAT IS PRESENT BUT IS NOT EXPRESSED IN A HETEROZYGOTE |
| PUNNETT SQUARE | DIAGRAM TO AID IN VISUALIZING A CROSS BETWEEN TWO INDIVIDUALS |
| PROBABILITY | THE LIKELIHOOD THAT SOMETHING WILL HAPPEN |
| LAW OF SEGREGATION | MEMBERS OF EACH GENE PAIR SEPARATE WHEN GAMETES ARE FORMED |
| LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT | TWO OR MORE PAIRS OF ALLELES SEGREGATE INDEPENDENTLY OF ONE ANOTHER, IF THEY ARE ON SEPARATE CHROMOSOMES, DURING GAMETE FORMATION |
| GENE | SEGMENT OF DNA THAT CARRIES INSTRUCTIONS FOR A PARTICULAR TRAIT |
| CHROMOSOMAL THEORY OF INHERITANCE | GENES ON CHROMOSOMES ARE THE UNITS OF INHERITANCE |
| DIPLOID | CELLS HAVING PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES (2X) |
| HAPLOID | CELLS CONTAINING ONLY ONE CHROMOSOME OF EACH PAIR (N) |
| MEIOSIS | NUCLEAR DIVISION IN WHICH CHROMOSOME NUMBER IS HALVED |
| CROSSING OVER | RECIPROCAL EXCHANGE OF DNA SEGMENTS BY CHROMOSOMES |
| SEX CHROMOSOMES | X AND Y CHROMOSOMES;DETERMINE SEX OF OFFSPRING |
| MUTATION | CHANGE IN A GENE |
| GENETIC DISORDERS | HARMFUL EFFECTS OF MUTATIONS |
| SEX-LINKED TRAITS | TRAITS DETERMINED BY GENES LOCATED ON THE X CHROMOSOME |
| PEDIGREE | CHART SHOWING HOW A TRAIT IS INHERITED OVER SEVERAL GENERATIONS |
| XX | FEMALE GENOTYPE |
| XY | MALE GENOTYPE |
