| A | B |
|---|
| chemical bond | a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together |
| ionic bonding | the chemical bond resulting from electrical attraction between large numbers of cations and anions |
| covalent bonding | a chemical bond resulting from the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms |
| nonpolar-covalent bond. | a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge |
| polar-covalent bond | a covalent bond in which the bonded atoms have an unequal attraction for the shared electrons |
| diatomic molecule | a molecule containing only two atoms |
| Polar | having an uneven distribution of charge |
| molecule | neutral group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds |
| chemical formula | formula that indicates the relative numbers of atoms of each kind in a chemical compound by using atomic symbols and numerical subscripts |
| molecular compound | chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules |
| bond energy | he energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral isolated atoms |
| bond length | he distance between two bonded atoms at their minimum potential energy, that is, the average distance between two bonded atoms |
| octet rule | hemical compounds tend to form so that each atom, by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons, has an octet of electrons in its highest occupied energy level |
| electron-dot notation | n electron-configuration notation in which only the valence electrons of an atom of a particular element are shown, indicated by dots placed around the element’s symbol |
| lone pair | a pair of electrons that is not involved in bonding and that belongs exclusively to one atom |
| Lewis structure | a formula in which atomic symbols represent nuclei and innershell electrons, dot-pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols represent electron pairs in covalent bonds, and dots adjacent to only one atomic symbol represent unshared electrons |
| structural formula | formula that indicates the kind, number, arrangement, and bonds but not the unshared electron pairs of the atoms in a molecule |
| single bond | a covalent bond produced by the sharing of one pair of electrons between two atoms |
| triple bond | a covalent bond produced by the sharing of three pairs of electrons between two atoms |
| Resonance | the bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctly represented by a single Lewis structure |
| VSEPR theory | repulsion between the sets of valence-level electrons surrounding an atom causes these sets to be oriented as far apart as possible |
| double bond | a covalent bond produced by the sharing of two pairs of electrons between two atoms |
