| A | B |
|---|
| The opening of the nose | external nares |
| The air-filled cavity behind the nose | Nasal Cavity |
| The scientific name for the “windpipe” | Trachea |
| One of the two branches formed by division of the trachea | Primary Bronchus |
| The second branch formed by division of the trachea | Secondary Bronchus |
| The area below the nasal cavities that is common to both the digestive and respiratory systems | Pharynx |
| A small air-conducting tube containing a smooth muscle layer but little or no cartilage | Bronchiole |
| The blood vessels associated with the respiratory structure involved in external gas exchange | Capillary |
| The substance that carries most of the oxygen in the blood | Hemoglobin |
| The substance that carries most of the carbon dioxide in the blood | Water |
| The destruction of the alveoli of the lungs often related to heavy smoking | Emphysema |
| A type of COPD in which the airways are continually inflamed | Chronic Bronchitis |
| A type of COPD in which the alveoli of the lungs coalesce | Emphysema |
| An allergic reaction that affects the bronchial tubes | Asthma |
| The inner layer of the digestive tract | Mucosa |
| The middle layer of the digestive tract | Muscularis |
| The outer layer of the digestive tract | Serosa |
| Folds in the stomach that are absent if the stomach is full | Rugae |
| The proximal region of the stomach (closest to the heart) | Cardiac |
| The middle region of the stomach | Body |
| The “dome-shaped” structure of the stomach | Fundus |
| The distal region of the stomach | Pylorus |
| The valve between the distal end of the stomach and the small intestine | Pyloric Sphincter |
| The first portion of the small intestine | Duodenum |
| The second portion of the small intestine | Jejunum |
| The third portion of the small intestine | Ileum |
| The “pouch” at the proximal large intestine | Cecum |
| The worm shaped appendage attached to the cecum | Vermiform Appendix |
| Which parts of the large intestine are not parts of the colon? | Cecum and Rectum |
| The portion of the colon between the cecum and liver | Ascending Colon |
| The portion of the colon between the liver and spleen | Transverse Colon |
| The portion of the colon between the spleen and sigmoid colon | Descending Colon |
| The last portion of the colon | Sigmoid Colon |
| The splitting of food molecules by the addition of water | Hydrolysis |
| A waste product produced from the destruction of red blood cells | Bilirubin |
| Which organ (besides the liver) hemolyzes red blood cells | Spleen |
| What chemical has built up in the blood if the skin appears yellow | Bilirubin |
| What do we call the condition where the skin appears yellow | Jaundice |
| Which organ of the body removes bilirubin from the blood | Liver |
| what is produced by the break down of bilirubin | Bile |
| Bile is stored in the _____ until we eat a fatty meal. | Cholecyst (gallbladder) |
| Bile helps emulsify _____ in our diet. | Lipids |
| A pancreatic enzyme that splits proteins into amino acids | Protease |
| Inflammation of the stomach and intestine | Gastroenteritis |
| A microscopic functional unit of the kidney | Nephron |
| An enzyme produced by the kidney | Renin |
| The process by which substances leave the glomerulus and enter the glomerular capsule | Filtration |
| The hormone that increases the permeability of the DCT and collecting duct to water (increasing water reabsorption) | ADH Antidiuretic Hormone |
| An indication of the amount of dissolved substances in the urine | Specific Gravity |
| The presence of an abundant blood protein in the urine | Albuminuria |
| The general condition caused by accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood | Uremia |
| Select the correct order of urine flow from its source to the outside of the body | Renal Pelvis, Ureter, Urinary Bladder, Urethra |
| The enzyme renin raises blood pressure by activating | Angiolensin |
| The scientific name for the throat | Pharynx |
| The glottis is covered by the _____ during swallowing | Epiglottis |
| The left primary bronchus is formed by the division of the | Trachea |
| The layer of the digestive tract wall that produces mucus | Mucosa |
| The breakdown of food into small particles that can pass through intestinal cells | digestion |
| The blood vessels that drain the kidney | Renal Vein |
| Process by which substances leave convoluted tubule and return to the blood | Reabsorption |
| The presence of this material in the urine results in pyuria | Pus |
| The scientific name for the voice box | Larynx |
| The leaf-shaped structure that helps to prevent the entrance of food into the trachea | Epiglottis |
| The only respiratory structures containing specialized capillary beds for external respiration | Alveolus |
| The process by which oxygen moves from the blood into tissue | Internal Respiration |
| A lower than normal concentration of oxygen in the tissues | Hypoxia |
| Heavy smoking is often related to the destruction of the _____ of the lungs causing emphysema. | Alveoli |
| Carbon dioxide will diffuse out of the blood (into the air) during | External Respiration |
| The transfer of nutrients into the bloodstream | Absorption |
| The breakdown (chemical and mechanical) of food into small particles that can pass through intestine | Digestion |
| What kind of muscle is found in the muscularis layer of the digestive tract? | Smooth Muscle |
| The section of the small intestine that receives gastric juices and food from the stomach | Duodenum |
| A blind-ended lymphatic vessel that absorbs fat | Lacteal |
| The chemical that speeds the splitting of food molecules | Enzyme |
| The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside | Urethra |
| The word part _____ means kidney | Nephr/o |
| A tube connecting the kidney to the bladder | ureter |
| The blood vessels (ball of capillaries) connecting the afferent and efferent arteriole | Glomerulus |
| The hormone produced in the kidney that stimulates erythrocyte synthesis by the red bone marrow | Erythropoitin |
| The presence of blood in the urine | Hematuria |
| Elimination of very large amounts of urine | Polyuria |
| Inflammation of the urinary bladder | Cystitis |
| Urine does NOT usually contain | Blood, Pus, Casts, Glucose, Microbes, Bilirubin, Albumin, Keytone Body |
| The trachea is held open by c-shaped rings of | Cartilage |
| Each lobe of the lung is supplied air by a ____ bronchus. | Secondary Bronchus |
| The structure found where the primary bronchi bifurcate from the trachea | Carina |
| The layer of the digestive tract wall that is responsible for peristalsis | Muscularis |
| The process of chewing | Mastication |
| The process of swallowing | Deglutition |
| The blood vessels that that feed the kidneys | Renal Arteries |
| The presence of this material in the urine results in cylindruria. | Casts |
| _____ (whose name means between white blood cells) are produced by Helper T-cells and stimulate B-Cells (Beta Cells) | Interleukins |
| After being stimulated by interleukins _____ turn into plasma cells | B Cells |
| Antigens are presented to Helper T-Cells by | Macrophage |
| Foreign proteins or pathogens are called _____ when they enter the body | Antigen |
| High levels of _____ stimulate Suppressor T-Cell which stops further antibody production | Antibody |
| This stoppage of further antibody production (see last question) is an example of _____ feedback. | Negative |
| The leukocytes that actually produce the antibodies against the pathogens are called | Plasma Cells |
| What kind of leukocyte remains in the body after the infection is gone | B Cells / Beta Lymphocytes |
| What kind of leukocyte ingests antigens | Macrophage |
| The gamete of the male | Spermatazoa |
| The gamete of the female | Ova |
| The gonad of the male | Testes |
| The gonad of the female | Ovaries |
| Fringelike extensions that sweep the ovum into the tube | Fimbriae |
| The name of the tube that carries the ovum to the uterus (not uterine tube) | Fallopian |
| Where fertilization usually occurs | Fallopian Tube |
| Scientific term for the process that attaches the embryo to the uterus | Implantation |
| Scientific name for the egg | Ovum |
| The fertilized “egg” is called a | Zygote |
| Does the umbilical cord belong to the mother, baby, or both? | Baby |
| What attaches the umbilical cord to the mother? | Placenta |
| The cheese-like material that protects the skin of the fetus | Vernix Caseosa (worm cheese) |
| Term for a person who has a recessive gene but does not exhibit the trait | Carrier |
| Is the ovum released directly into the mother’s abdominal cavity? | Yes |
| Name one difference between the egg of a chicken and the ovum of a woman. | Shell/ Yolk |
| The name of an unborn child that becomes a fetus. | Embryo |
| The real name for a miscarriage | Spontaneous Abortion |
| Term for a gene that is always seen (manifested) in the offspring | Dominant |
| What do you call a gene that must be received from both parents before it is seen (manifested) in the offspring? | Recessive |
| Term describing any trait (defect) present at birth | Congenital |
| What are the two possible causes of defects present at birth? | Genetic/Development |
| Kind of cell division that forms somatic cells | Mitotic |
| Kind of cell division that forms gametes | Meiotic |
| Primary male hormone | Testosterone |
| Primary female hormone | Progesterone and Estrogen |
| Do females have testosterone? | Yes |
| Do males have estrogen? | Yes |
| Name the two kinds of erectile tissues. | Corpus Spongiosum/Corpus Cavernosum |
| Name of the fluid filled cavity present during the 1st ½ of the menstrual month | Graafian Follicle |
| The solid gland present during the second ½ of the menstrual month | Corpus Luteum |
| Term for decreased number of spermatozoa | Oligospermia |
| Term for menstrual flow | Menorrhea |
| Term for excessive flow | Menhorrhagia |
| Term for difficult menses | Dysmenorrhea |
| Term for slight flow | Oligomenhorrea |
| Name for the duration of pregnancy, about 40 weeks | Gestation |
| What 5 structures are only present prior to birth? | Ductus Arteriosus, Ductus Venosus, Foramen Ovale, Umbilical Arteries (2), Umbilical Stem |
| What organs of the fetus are not functional prior to birth? | Lungs |
| The “female” chromosome | X |
| The male chromosome | Y |
| Name for any change in the genetic code | Mutation |
| Is this change in the genetic code usually a good or bad thing? | Bad |
| Are most deleterious (bad) genes dominant or recessive? | Recessive |
| Which parent’s gametes determine the gender of the child? | Father |
| Protein synthesis occurs in the _____ of the cell. | Ribosomes |
| The building blocks of proteins are | Amino Acids |
| chemicals that speed up a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction | Catalysts |
| catalysts made out of proteins | Enzymes |
| Enzymes are synthesized in the _____ of the cell. | Ribosomes |
| A line dividing the right side of the body from the left | midline |
| term meaning closer to the midline | medial |
| literally means closer to the boney housing around the brain | cranial |
| literally means tail (opposite of cranial) | caudal |
| The stomach is ___ to the intestines (Closer to the origin) | proximal |
| The stomach is ___ to the esophagus (Farther from the origin) | distal |
| literally means closer to the nose or front end | anterior |
| literally means closer to the rear end or tail end | posterior |
| means toward the back (think of the fin on the back of a shark) | dorsal |
| The neck is ___ to the chest (closer to the head) | cephallic |
| The knee is ___ to the ankle (closer to the origin). | proximal |
| The hand is ___ to the elbow (farther from the origin) | distal |
| The ear is ___ to the nose (away from midline) | lateral |
| The eye is ___ to the nose (higher) | superior |
| The eye is ___ to the nose (farther from the midline). | lateral |
| The mouth is ___ to the nose (lower) | inferior |
| The vernacular (everyday) word for thorax | chest |
| The abdomen is ___ to the thorax (below) | inferior |
| Genetic material from your parents is stored in the _____ of the cell | nucleus |
| The cranium is the ___ housing around the brain. | boney |
| The cranium and facial bones are parts of the bones of the head called | skull |
| The scientific name for breast bone | sternum |
| The shoulder is ___ to the sternum (away from the midline) | lateral |
| The palm of the hand is on the ___ side (belly side) | ventral |
| The back of hand is on the ___ side (toward the back). | dorsal |
| The top of the foot is ___ side (toward the back) | dorsal |
| he sole is on the ___ side (belly side) of the foot | ventral |
| A noun meaning dorsal | dorsum |
| A noun meaning ventral | ventrum |
| Which quadrant contains most of the liver | RUQ |
| Which quadrant is closest to the left leg | LLQ |
| Which abdominal region contains the belly button? | umbilical |
| Which abdominal region is closest to the right arm? | Right Hypochondriac |
| Which abdominal regions are on both sides of the umbilical region? | right and left lumbar |
| Which abdominal region contains the urinary bladder? | hypogastric |
| Which abdominal region contains the appendix? | Right Iliac/Inguinal |
| Which abdominal region contains most of the stomach? | epigastric |
| front of the elbow | antecubital |
| means chest and is a part of the thorax (think of the largest major muscle of your chest) | pectoral |
| The groin is referred to as the ___ region. | inguinal |
| term that means neck. | cervical |
| refers to the arm pit | axillary |
| The scientific name for the region behind the knee | popliteal |
| means buttock | gluteus |
| The basic unit of life | cell |
| plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts | transverse |
| system that breaks down and absorbs food | digestive |
| The energy currency of the cell | ATP |
| The fluid inside the cell is called | Intracellular |
| The nucleus of the atom contains | protons and neutrons |
| negatively charged ions | anions |
| A solution with a pH of 4 | acid |
| The building blocks of proteins | amino acids |
| Water can dissolve many different things. For this reason it is called | Universal Solvent |
| A solution with a pH of 10.0 | alkaline |
| The special form of diffusion that applies only to water | osmosis |
| The structure that assembles amino acids into proteins | ribosomes |
| required for active transport | transporter & ATP |
| The chromosomes duplicate during the period between mitotic divisions called | interphase |
| A group different tissues working together | organ |
| The thick, muscular layer (myocardium) of the heart wall is made of what kind of muscle tissue. | cardiac |
| The portion of a serous membrane attached to an organ | visceral |
| cord of connective tissue that connects a bone to a bone | ligament |
| type of tissue found in membranes and glands | epithelial |
| only type of muscle that is under voluntary control | skeletel |
| specialized group of (one kind of) cells | tissue |
| plane that divides the body into equal left and right parts | midsagittal |
| breakdown of complex molecules into more simple ones | catabolism |
| Fluids located outside the cells | extracellular |
| Negative feedback is a mechanism for maintaining an internal state of balance | homeostasis |
| Positively charged ions | cation |
| building block of an enzyme | amino acid |
| pH of 7 is said to be | neutral |
| isotope that disintegrates, giving off rays of atomic particles (energy) | radioactive |
| Metabolic reactions require organic catalysts (made of protein) called | enzymes |
| Any change in the genetic material of the cell | mutation |
| thigh muscle is an example of what kind of tissue | skeletal |
| cell that carries nerve impulses | neuron |
| portion of a serous membrane attached to the body wall | parietal |
| cord of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone | tendon |
| membrane that lines spaces open to the outside of the body | mucus |
| Term for a tumor that does not spread | benign |
| Adipose tissue stores | lipids (fat) |
| plane that divides the body into unequal right and left sides | parasagittal |
| Osmosis is the movement of water from areas of _____ concentration to areas of _____ concentration | high to low |
| spread of molecules through a membrane which requires energy in the form of ATP | active transport |
| The mitochondrion converts _____ into higher energy _____ | ADP to ATP |
| The smallest complete unit of a compound | molecule |
| Compounds that release ions when in solution | Electrolytes |
| RNA receives its information from | DNA |
| muscle in the wall of the intestine is an example of | smooth |
| The smallest particle of an element | atom |
| cell organelle that assembles amino acids into enzymes | Ribosomes |
| are two examples of substances that cannot pass through the cell membrane by diffusion | proteins and ions |
| Combining smaller atoms or molecules to form a larger particle is the kind of metabolism called | anabolism |
| The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of | protons |
| The number of _____ in an atom of an element always equals the number of _____ in the atoms of that element | protons and electrons |
| Changing the number of _____ in an atom makes an ion | electrons |
| Changing the number of _____ in an atom makes an isotope | neutrons |
| You can not change the number of _____ in an atom | protons |
| Describes a relatively severe disorder of short duration | Acute |
| A group of signs or symptoms that occur together | Syndrome |
| Rod-shaped bacteria that may form endospores | Bacillus (bacilli) |
| An organism that transmits a disease-causing organism from one host to another | Vector (fleas, ticks) |
| Invasion by a parasitic worm | Infestation |
| The sexually transmitted disease syphilis is caused by spiral bacteria called | Spirochete |
| A general term for any gland that produces sweat | Sudoriferous |
| A condition in which the skin takes on a bluish coloration | Cyanosis |
| The “true skin” or corium | Dermis |
| Redness of the skin | Erythema |
| New epidermal cells are produced by | Stratum Germnivatum aka Stratum Basale |
| The main (black) pigment of the skin is | Melanin |
| The hollow center of a long bone | Medullary Cavity |
| A mature (living) bone cell that is completely surrounded by hard bone tissue | Osteocyte (cyte = cell) |
| A bone cell that builds new bone tissue | Osteoblast (blast = build) |
| The most caudal part of the vertebral column | Coccyx |
| An adjective that refers to the ribs | Costal |
| The anatomical name for the collarbone | Clavicle |
| A freely movable joint held together by ligaments | Diarthrodial |
| A nonmovable joint | Synarthrodial |
| A slightly movable joint | Amphithrodial |
| Muscle under voluntary control | Skeletal |
| The immediate source of energy for muscle contraction | ATP |
| The muscle attachment joined to the part of the body that moves | Insertion |
| The region of union of two or more bones, a joint | Articulation |
| A contraction that shortens the muscle but does not increase in strength | Isotonic |
| A muscle that must relax during a given movement is | Antagonist |
| A muscle enters into oxygen debt (produces lactic acid) when they are functioning | anaerobically |
| Glands that produce sebum | Sebaceous |
| The deepest layer of the integument(not a part of the skin) | Subcutaneous |
| The knob-like end of a long bone forming part of a ball and socket joint. | Head |
| A bone cell that breaks down old bone tissue | Osteoclast (clast = break) |
| The only muscle type that does not have visible striations | Smooth |
| The muscle attachment joined to a part of the body that does not move | Origin |
| Glands that are only found in the breast and produce milk | Mammary |
| A skin symptom where small bumps are found on the skin | Papules |
| The end of a long bone | Epiphysis |
| A narrow region of a bone below the head | Neck |
| A cord-like structure that attaches a muscle to bone | Tendon |
| Muscles not under voluntary control | Smooth, Involuntary, Visceral |
| A term for a disease that can be transmitted between individuals | Communicable |
| A term for a disease that persists over a long period (but is less severe) | Chronic |
| Invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms | Infection |
| The study of the cause of a disorder | Etiology |
| A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease | Prognosis |
| Spherical bacteria organized in clusters | Staphlococcus (staph = grapes) |
| Spherical bacteria organized in strings | Streptococcus (strep = string of pearls) |
| Spherical bacteria organized in pairs | Diplococcus |
| Glands that are only found in the ear canal | Ceruminous Gland |
| Glands that are only found on the eyelids | Cilliary Gland |
| The protein in the epidermis that thickens and protects the skin | Collagen |
| The uppermost layer of the skin, consisting of flat, keratin-filled cells | Stratum Corneum of Epidermis |
| Another term for itching | Pruritis |
| A small sac that contains fluid; a blister | Vesicle |
| Blood vessels become smaller to decrease blood flow (when the skin is cold). This decrease in size is | Vasoconstriction |
| The process of blood vessels becoming larger in diameter is called | Vasodialation |
| The shaft of a long bone | Diaphysis |
| The type of bone tissue found at the end of long bones | Spongy |
| The kind of bone tissue found in the middle (shaft) of long bones | Compact or Cortical |
| A distinct border or edge on a bone | Crest |
| A pointed process on a bone | Spine |
| Rough areas on a bone function as sites for | Attachment of ligaments or tendons |
| A hole that permits the passage of a vessel or nerve | Foramen |
| A lateral curvature of the vertebral column | Scoliosis |
| Scientific name for a “hump-back” | Kyphosis |
| Scientific name for “sway-back” | Lordosis |
| The last two pairs of ribs, which are very short and do not extend to the front of the body (do not attach in the front) | Floating Ribs |
| A structure that attaches a bone to another bone | Ligament |
| The structure that attaches a muscle to a bone or another muscle | Tendon |
| The muscle type that is found in the middle layer (myocardium) of the heart | Cardiac |
| The source of energy used by the mitochondria to produce ATP | Food/Oxygen |
| The compound that accumulates during anaerobic metabolism (not enough oxygen) | Lactic Acid |
| The way a muscle moves a part of the body is called the muscle’s | Action |
| A contraction that generates tension but does not shorten the muscle is called | Isometric |
| A contraction that does not increase tension but does shorten the muscle | Isotonic |
| The building blocks of protein | Amino Acids |
| Which cell organelle synthesizes protein | Ribosomes |
| What tells that organelle which amino acids to use and what order to put the amino acids | RNA |
| What tells the RNA how to build the protein | DNA |
| Where do you get your DNA | Parents |
| Which cell organelle contains your DNA | Nucleus |
| What is a mutation | Change in DNA or genetic code |
| Where did you get both DNA and RNA | Mom |
| What cell organelle contains the cell | Cell or Plasma membrane |
| What does semipermiable (selective permeability) mean | Only lets some things through |
| Which cell organelle’s semipermeability (selective permeability) is important in our discussion of the cell’s functioning | Cell Membrane |
| What chemical does the cell use for energy | ATP |
| Which cell organelle synthesizes the chemical the cell uses for energy | Mitochondria |
| Which U.S. organization monitors diseases around the world | CDC |
| Which international organization monitors health issues around the world | WHO |
| What do doctors call a disease that kills everybody it infects | "Slate Wiper" |
| What do you call an organism (such as chimps or humans) that can carry a disease such as Ebola | Host |
| The most prevalent bacterial infection currently on earth | Gonorrhea |
| Who touches who and for how long varies between _____ and _____ | Generation and Culture |
| Therapeutic touch is called | Massage |
| Premature babies gain 47% more weight if they receive | Massage |
| _____ is necessary for physical and psychological well being | Touch |
| The _____ depraved monkey became neurotic, asocial, depressed, and confused | Touch |
| _____ can cause airways to relax and relieve asthma, lower blood pressure, decrease pulse, and help lower stress. | Massage |
| The _____ are the most sensitive part of the body to touch | Lips |
| The scientific name for a nerve cell | Neuron |
| The sheath around some neuron fibers that aids in regeneration (healing) | Neurilemma |
| A nerve containing both afferent and efferent fibers | Mixed |
| A nerve containing only afferent fibers | Sensory Neurons |
| A nerve containing only efferent fibers | Motor Neurons |
| The voluntary nervous system controls | Skeletal Muscle |
| Fibers that carry impulses toward the neuron cell body | dendrites |
| a bundle of neuron fibers within the central nervous system | Tract |
| a bunch of neuron cell bodies within the central nervous system | Nerve Center |
| a bundle of neuron fibers in the PNS | Nerve |
| a bunch of neuron cell bodies in the PNS | Ganglion |
| The (spider) web-like middle meningeal layer | Arachnoid Mater (Layer) |
| The inner meningeal layer containing pain nerve endings and blood vessels | Pia Mater |
| An elevated portion of the cerebral cortex | Gyrus |
| A shallow groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex | Sulci (sulcus) |
| A deep groove in the cerebral cortex | Fissure |
| The largest part of the brain | Cerebrum |
| The part of the brain with a name meaning “little brain” | Cerebellum |
| The region of the diencephalon that acts as a relay center for sensory stimuli | Thalamus |
| The region of the diencephalon that helps maintain homeostasis | Hypothalamus |
| The region of the diencephalon that deals with emotions | Limbic System |
| The nerve (name and number) that carries visual impulses from the eye to the brain | Optic Nerve II |
| The lobe of the brain that interprets vision | Occipital |
| The lobe of the brain that interprets hearing | Temporal Lobe |
| Impulses for the sense of taste travel to the | Temporal Lobe |
| Impulses for the olfactory sense travels to the _____ lobe | Temporal Lobe |
| A vision receptor that is sensitive to color (and requires more light) | cones |
| A vision receptor that is sensitive to dim light and only detects black and white | rods |
| The watery fluid that fills much of the eyeball in front of the crystalline lens | Aqueous Humor |
| The thick fluid that fills much of the eyeball behind the crystalline lens and is irreplaceable | Vitreous Humor (Body) |
| The scientific name for the tear glands | Lacrimal Glands |
| The scientific name for the tear duct from the eye to the nose | Nasolacrimal Duct |
| The scientific name for the corner of the eye (inner and outer) | Canthus |
| Another name for the projecting part, or auricle, of the ear (holds my hat up) | Pinna |
| The branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve that carries hearing impulses | Cochlear Branch |
| The branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve that carries balance impulses | Vestibular Branch |
| Alterations in the lens shape to allow for near or far vision | Accommodation |
| The iris is a/an _____ muscle of the eye | Intrinsic |
| The ciliary body is a/an _____ muscle of the eye | Intrinsic |
| There are 6 _____ muscles of the eye | Extrinsic |
| The gland in the neck whose hormone increases the metabolic rate | Thyroid |
| The 4 small endocrine glands in the neck which help control calcium levels in the blood | Parathyroid |
| The main hormone of the adrenal gland that raises blood pressure and increases the heart rate, and dilates bronchial tubes | Adrenaline - Epinepherine |
| A gland that produces the hormone that lowers blood glucose levels (makes the cell membrane permeable to glucose) | Pancreas |
| The endocrine gland that controls many other endocrine glands using tropic hormones | Pituitary |
| The small gland posterior to the thalamus, which helps control sleep | Pineal |
| The endocrine gland in the chest playing a vital role in the immune system | Thymus |
| The portion of the pregnant uterus that secretes hormones | Placenta |
| The building blocks of growth hormone (a protein) | Amino Acids |
| produces estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone in women | Ovaries |
| produces estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone in men | Gonads (testes) |
| How does insulin affect the cell membrane? | Makes it permeable to glucose |
| How does insulin affect blood sugar? | lowers |
| Diabetes insipidus results in too much _____ production | Urine |
| The system that reverses the fight-flight-freeze response | Parasympathetic branch of the ANS |
| The system that starts the fight-flight-freeze response | Sympathetic branch of the ANS |
| The portion of the cerebral cortex where the sense of touch is interpreted | Parietal lobe |
| The scientific name for nearsightedness, in which the focal point is in front of the retina and distant objects appear blurred | Myopia |
| The visual defect caused by irregularity in the curvature of the lens or cornea | Astigmatism |
| A nerve cell (neuron) fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body. | Axon |
| The structural division of the nervous system that includes the brain | CNS - Central Nervous System |
| The fatty material that covers some axons | Myelin sheath |
| The spinal nerves are part of the _____ nervous system | Peripheral |
| Cranial nerves are part of the _____ nervous system | Peripheral |
| An individual subdivision of the cerebrum that regulates specific functions | Lobe |
| Damage to brain tissue caused by a blood clot, ruptured vessel, or embolism | Cerebral vascular accident (CVA), stroke, apoplexy |
| Bleeding between the dura mater and the skull (above the dura mater) | Epidural hemorrhage (hematoma) |
| Bleeding between the dura mater and the brain (below the dura mater) | Subdural hemorrhage (hematoma) |
| The scientific name for the disorder in which light rays are not bent sharply enough to focus on the retina when viewing close objects | Hyperopia |
| The innermost coat of the eye, the nervous tissue layer that includes the receptors for the sense of vision | Retina |
| The middle coat of the eye | Choroid coat (layer) |
| The outermost coat (layer) of the eye | Sclera |
| The structure that alters the shape of the lens for accommodation | Ciliary body (muscle) |
| The structure that alters the size of the pupil | Iris |
| The jelly-like material located behind the crystalline lens that maintains the spherical shape of the eyeball | Vitreous humor (body) |
| A hormone that stimulates the outer portion of the adrenal gland. | Adrenal Cortical Tropic Hormone |
| A disease in which insulin function is abnormally low | Diabetes mellitus |
| The cell organelle that builds growth hormone (a protein) | Ribosome |
| Polyuria and polydipsia are common symptoms of both _____ and _____. | Diabetes mellitus and Diabetes insipidus |
| Which hormone secreted from the posterior pituitary that is involved in water balance | ADH, Antidiuretic Hormone |
| The structural division of the nervous system that includes the nerves and ganglia | PNS - Peripheral nervous system |
| The tough outer meningeal layer is the | Dura mater |
| The endocrine gland composed of a cortex and medulla, each with a specific function | Adrenal Gland |
| A hormone that lowers the blood glucose level | Insulin |
| What kind of physical energy is the eye detecting? | Light |
| What is the advantage of having rods? | Night vision |
| What is the bending of light called? | Refraction |
| Which eye humor is involved with glaucoma? | Aqueous humor |
| What is the shape of the lens when looking at something near? | Spherical |
| What is the shape of the lens when looking at something far? | Flat |
| A contact lens rests on the _____. | Cornea |
| How many extrinsic eye muscles are there? | 6 |
| How many intrinsic eye muscles are there? | 2 |
| What substance fills the outer ear? | Air |
| What substance fills the middle ear? | Air |
| What substance fills the inner ear? | Fluid |
| What is the disorder called when the middle ear is inflamed? | Otitis media |
| What symptom may a patient have if the inner ear is inflamed? | Vertigo |
| Exposure to what will cause permanent hearing loss? | Loud noises |
| Which cranial nerve (name and Roman numeral) carries both the senses of hearing and equilibrium to the brain? | VIII, Vestibulocochlear |
| Another name for a white blood cell | Leukocyte |
| Another name for a red blood cell | Erythrocyte |
| Another name for a platelet | Thrombocyte |
| A lymphocyte that slows antibody production | T-cell (Supressor) |
| A lymphocyte that matures in the thymus and stimulates antibody production | T-cell (Helper) |
| What is the name of the protein that carries oxygen in the blood | Hemoglobin |
| What do you call the amount of oxygen carrying protein in the RBCs of whole blood | Hemoglobin |
| Which kind of leukocytes is/are not an agranulocyte | Granulocytes |
| _____ are examples of granulocytes | Basophils, neutrophils, Eosinphils |
| _____ are examples of agranulocytes | Lymphocytes, Monocytes |
| The clear, watery fluid that remains after a blood clot has been removed from the blood | Serum |
| The golden straw colored fluid left after the formed elements are removed from blood | Plasma |
| Your patient has type B blood. Can you give him type A blood? | No |
| Your patient has type AB blood. Can you give her type O blood | Yes |
| Is there any type of blood you cannot give to someone who has type AB+ blood? | No |
| What type(s) of blood can you give someone who has type O- blood? | O neg |
| The outer most layer of the heart | Epicardium |
| The middle layer of the heart | Myocardium |
| An upper chamber of the heart | Atria/Atrium |
| A lower chamber of the heart | Ventricle |
| The valves of the heart are formed from _____ (layer) of the heart | Endocardium |
| Infections (i.e. rheumatic fever) of the _____ can cause a heart murmur | Valve |
| The area of tissue damaged by lack of blood supply | Infarction of the Myocardium |
| Inflammation of heart muscle | Myocarditis |
| Inflammation of the outer layer of the heart | Pericarditis |
| Inflammation of the inner layer of the heart | Endocarditis |
| An instrument for recording the electrical activity of the heart | EKG or ECG |
| A procedure for measuring the pressure developed in each chamber as the heart contracts | Cardiac Catheterization |
| Clot formation in the coronary arteries results in a | Myocardial Infarction |
| The scientific name for a blood clot is | Thrombus |
| A heart rate (in an adult) of 150 beats per minute is described as | Tachycardia |
| A heart rate of 30 (in an adult) bpm is described as | Bradycardia |
| The small vessel where exchange take place (the only vessel where exchange takes place) | Capillary |
| The vessels that deliver blood to the capillaries | Arteriole |
| The group of vessels that carries blood to and from the lungs for gas exchange is called the _____ circulation. | Pulmonic |
| The group of vessels that carries blood to and from the body (except lungs) is called the _____ circulation. | Systemic |
| The branches of the abdominal aorta that supply blood to the kidneys | Renal arteries |
| A region of the medulla oblongata that controls blood vessel diameter | Vasomotor center |
| Poison produced by a pathogen | Toxin |
| Any foreign substance introduced into the blood that provokes an immune response | Antigen |
| A fraction (part) of the blood plasma that contains antibodies | Serum |
| Manufacture of antibodies against one’s own tissue | Autoimmune disorder |
| Which is the only specific defense against an infection? | Immunity |
| Another name for a thrombocyte | Platelet |
| Another name for erythrocytes | Red blood Cell RBC |
| Another name for leukocytes | White Blood cell WBC |
| A substance that often accumulates when leukocytes are actively destroying bacteria | Pus |
| Death of tissue in the muscle layer of the heart is called | Myocardial Infarction |
| The term for a circuit that carries venous blood to a second capillary bed before it returns to the heart | Portal Vein |
| The large vein that drains blood from the parts of the body below the diaphragm | Inferior vena cava |
| The large vein that drains blood from the parts of the body above the diaphragm | superior vena cava |
| The means by which a pathogenic organism invades the body | Portal of entry |
| The lymphocyte that starts the Antigen – Antibody reaction | Helper T-cell |
| The lymphocyte that turns into plasma cells | Beta Lymphocytes, B-cells |
| The cells that actually produce the antibodies | Plasma Cell |
| The cell that ingests pathogens | Macrophage |
| The cell that interleukins stimulate | B-cells |
| Cells become clumped when mixed with a specific antiserum (wrong type of blood). This clumping is called ______. | Agglutination |
| The volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood | Hematocrit |
| Another name for the epicardium is visceral ________. | Pericardium |
| The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle | Systole |
| The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle | Diastole |
| A sound that may result from a heart defect, such as abnormal closing of a heart valve | Murmur |
| Aspirin is an example of this type of drug | Anticoagulant |
| Clot Busters are a group of drugs medically referred to as | Thrombolytic |
| Capillaries combine to form the smallest veins, called | Venules |
| The large vessels that supplies blood to the head | Carotid arteries |
| The vessel supplying oxygenated blood to the liver | Hepatic Artery |
| The vessel that carries food from the digestive tract to the liver | Hepatic portal vein |
| The vein that drains the area supplied by the carotid artery | Jugular Vein |
| What change in blood vessel diameter is caused by smooth muscle contractions? | Vasoconstriction |
| What change in blood vessel diameter is caused by smooth muscle relaxation? | Vasodilation |
| The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle | Tricuspid Valve |
| The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle | Bicuspid/Mitral Valve |
| The valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery | Pulmonic Valve |
| The valve between the left ventricle and the aorta | Aortic Valve |
| A protein produced by the body to destroy a foreign substance introduced into the body | Antibodies |
| Blood serum contains immunity proteins called | Immunoglobulin |
| The manufacture of antibodies to substances that normally do not harm the body | Allergy |
| How many specific defenses against disease are there | 1, immunity |
| An example of a nonspecific defense is | cough, sneeze, intact skin |
| Cells that combine with foreign antigens and present them to T-cells | Macrophage |
| Which of the following will result in active immunity | immunization |
| A lymphocyte that produces antibodies | plasma cells |
| The wave of pressure from each ventricular contraction | pulse |
| A large vessel which carries blood from the lungs to the heart | Pulmonary Vein |
| The largest vessel which carries blood from the heart to the lungs | Pulmonary Artery |
| The large vessel that carries blood from the liver to the heart | Inferior Vena Cava |
| Term for blood pressure measured during heart muscle contraction | Systolic Pressure |
| Term for the blood pressure measured during the heart muscle “relaxation”. | Diastolic Pressure |
| Scientific name for a disease causing organism | Pathogen |
| When blood returns from the lungs it enter the _____ (a chamber) | Left Atrium |
| When blood passes through the bicuspid valve it enters the _____ (a chamber). | Left Ventricle |
| When blood leaves the left ventricle it passes through the _____ valve. | Aortic |
| When blood passes through the aortic valve it enters the _____ (a vessel). | Aorta |
| The aorta takes blood to the entire body except the _____. | Lungs |
| The blood returns to the heart (from everywhere but the lungs) by the _____ and _____ (vessels). | Superior Vena Cava and Inferior Vena Cava |
| When blood returns to the heart from the superior and inferior vena cava it enters the _____ (a chamber). | Right Atrium |
| When blood passes through the tricuspid valve it enters the _____ (a chamber) | Right Ventricle |
| When blood leaves the right ventricle it goes through the _____ valve. | Pulmonic Valve |
