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| What is globalization? | A multifaceted concept that represents the increasing integration of economics, communications, and culture across national boundaries. |
| What are globalizations advantage and disadvantages? | Goods and money move more freely between countries. There is a larger market for a countries goods and services. There are greater investment opportunities. Financial aid is more easily distributed to countries that need it. Because of the interdependence globalization creates, if one country fails, all countries are hurt financially. Richer countries gain more influence over other countries. This system tends to lead to the exploitation of raw goods producers. |
| Who benefits and who does not from globalization? | Countries with large numbers of consumers benefit from access to the world market. The consumers pay for finished goods and the majority of the profit remains in the country. These countries tend to be EDCs. LDCs are exploited for their raw goods. They will not see most of the profit from the finished product. Domestic producers, such as farmers, face increased competition for the international market. |
| What suggestions have been made to better manage the process? | Find a balance between protecting domestic goods and encouraging imports. Regulate the international financial market to prevent another collapse of stock markets. Regulate money to stabilize exchange rates. Provide aid to LDCs and countries that are victim to disasters. Encourage the development of LDCs. Improve communication between trading partners. Increase the role of international financial organizations. Encourage fair competition by regulating prices of goods. |
| What are externalities | A third party who is not party to a treaty is affected by what has in it. Example a cat is taught to kill a mouse but also kills a bird in the process. It is an impact on a party that is not directly involved in the transaction. |
| Why are negative externalities a problem? | They are a problem because they raise the cost to society while keeping the cost to consumer down. Water pollution by industries that adds poisons to the water, which harm plants, animals, and humans. The consumption of alcohol by bar-goers in some cases leads to drinking and driving accidents which injure or kill pedestrians and other drivers. Communized costs of declining health and vitality caused by smoking and/or alcohol abuse. Here, the "cost" is that of providing minimum social welfare. They are a problem because they have unexpected negative side effects. |
| What are collective goods? One kind of collective good called common pool resources? | Collective goods (i.e., goods or services such as parks, highways, etc. which could be supplied privately, but are usually provided by the government). Public goods (i.e. goods or services such as lighthouses, military installations, etc., which are provided by government). |
| Why is it often difficult to obtain collective goods and mange common pool resources? | It’s difficult to obtain collective goods because if one is in a situation where he or she is not able to have to access for some reason or another. It is difficult to manage common pool resources because many people have access to them. It is also very hard because people resist restriction on the resources. Setting the limits too high would lead to overuse and eventually to the destruction of the core resource, while setting the limits too low would unnecessarily reduce the benefits obtained by the users. Committees and town broad set restrictions on common pool resources in order to manage them. |
| How can the international community deal with the difficulty to obtain collective goods and mange the common pool resources? | The community in the case of water set limits to water consumption. National community can set agreements to provide social welfare to anyone who needs it. Countries agree to accept refugees. National communities can set up enforcement agencies to make sure the either collective good or common pool resource. Examples of common-pool resources include irrigation systems, fishing grounds, pastures, forests, water. |
| How can hegemon provide collective good? What are the limits of this? | mmmmmmmmmmmmmmm |
| Be able to explain general types, structures, purposes of international organizations. | The types of organizations are Worldwide or global organizations, regional, cultural and economic. The purposes are to Common stated aims are to preserve peace through conflict resolution and better international relations, promote international cooperation on matters such as environmental protection, to promote human rights, to promote social development (education, health care), to render humanitarian aid, and to economic development. The types of structures are functional, divisional and hybrid. A functional structure is one in which type of work is performed in a different department. Divisional sutures are Companies with divisional structures assign small groups of each type of function to a single division, making each self-sufficient. Hybrid are Due to the difficulty of working globally with a centralized functional structure, and the communication gaps that come from working in divisional silos, most modern companies employ a hybrid structure that combines elements of each. There is no single "hybrid" structure, but rather a range from mostly-functional to mostly-divisional, which varies between companies. |
| How does the UN Security Council work, what are some concerns about its membership and operation, and what suggestions have been made to correct these problems? | The Un security council works made of six major parts. General assembly, which every UN member is a part of. Each member has one vote. Security council, which is made up of five permanent members and ten temporary members, which serve two year terms. The permanent members have veto power. Secretariat headed by the secretary general. International court of Justice, 15 judges each serve 9 year terms. The economic and social council, there are 54 members not permanent members everyone serves three year term. Each member has one vote. Also associated with 17 IGO’s. Examples are world bank and world health organizations. Some concerns are in the case of the security council they have the power to veto any decisions made they can wheeled the veto power in many ways. They can force governments to vote a certain way in the general assembly. In the past standards were not applied to every country. The suggestions that have been to correct the problem are to increase the number of permanent members, the only way to do this is to have 2/3 permanent members to agree. Elimination of the permanent five veto power. U.S. Russia, UK, France, and China. |
| Explain collective security and UN peacekeeping, and the difference between them. Give examples. How has the international community handled the situations that seem to mix the criteria for these two kinds of operations? | collective security are that all countries of promise not to use force except in self defense. An attack on one is an attack on all. Everyone promises to provide resources or personal to achieve to defer attacks or restore peace after attacks have happened. Examples are the first Gulf War Kuwait and Iraq. Peace keeping the aggressor is identified and a military force is deployed, either to observe, to act as a buffer between to aggressors, or direct military action against the aggressor. Military force is neutral between the two conflicting sides, and they have to be invited by either side. Example of peace keeping are the Congo and Sudan and trying to prevent fighting. |
| What about internal conflicts? | They have not been able to keep peace for a long time. |
| What are international regimes? How do they work? Give examples of areas where regimes play a role. | Regimes "are more specialized arrangements that pertain to well-defined activities, resources, or geographical areas and often involve only some subset of the members of international society."[How regimes work examples of where regimes work are protecting major bodies of water, Monitor the production of certain resources, tracking certain types of pollution, they protect certain species. Crate regulations to protect international resources pg. 201 |
| What is the role of international law? | International law is the body of treaties and conventions that regulate the relationships between nations. Since states and their governments have the preeminent role in making international law, it is essential that they be |
| How is international law similar and different from domestic law? | Domestic law puts greater retracts on the pursuit of self interest. Under domestic law, some categories of treaties require the authorization or approval of Parliament, which is usually granted by means of a statute. International approval of law does not acquire approval from legislation. International law is considered primitive compared most domestic laws. Similarities |
| What determines in international law is respected? | First voluntary compliance, the countries agree with the rules. Coercion forcing a country to follow a law because of threats of violence and economic sanctions and others. Countries must consider the source of the law to be a legitimate authority. |
| What kinds of issues does it cover? How is it enforced? | Human rights, conduct of war, international resources, treaties between nations. It relies on central authorities, such as a police force. It is not well enforced. |
| What are the roles of various international courts? | Trying war crimes, settling disputes between countries, resolve issues between IGOs, establish general international law |
| What kind of cases does the International Court of Justice (World Court or ICJ)? Handle and how do cases reach this court? | It handles disputes between countries based on treaties. States submit legal disputes that arise between them and other states. Second it is when one of the organs or agencies of the UN asks the ICJ for an advisory opinion. |
| What about the regional courts? | They handle cases for specific regions. |
| The International Criminal Tribunals for Yugoslavia and Rwanda, and the new International Criminal Court (ICC)? | Tribunal for Yugoslavia trying cases for people in Yugoslavia, who were abused, killed injured. The primary defendants were the Serbs. Tribunal for Rwanda genocide of the Tutsis by the Huts. ICC handles war crimes from all over the world. |
| What international laws apply to war, both to the decision to go to war and the conduct of war? How effective are these rules? | Just ad bdellium when it is legitimate to go to war. Last resort, the war has to be waged under legitimate authority, must be done in self defense or promote justice, and it fought to bring about peace. These have to apply before waging war. Just in bdellium conduct of war certain forbidden types of weapons. Rules about the treatment of prisoners. Rules about excessive force. Force must not be taken against noncombatants. How effective of the rules. German and Japanese leaders were held accountable for waging aggressive war, and war crimes in the Balkans and Rwanda have been punished. Just in bdellium the effectiveness have not been very affective. American treatment of enemy combatants is questionable. In general it is hard to prevent innocent casualties. |
| What do we mean by human rights? How have international and domestic institutions, especially courts, been used to protect human rights and punish abusers? | Human rights are "basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled. Three parts to human rights. Civil, political, and economic and social. International law has been applied to states but not individuals. This has changed. The kind of issues covered which involve an individual in which his rights were violated in the state that he or she lives in. Courts have been used to try people for genocide. Other countries will try human rights cases and the individuals that have committed a crime in that country. |
