| A | B |
|---|
| reactants | the substances that undergo change |
| products | new substances formed as a result of that change |
| chemical equation | a representation of a chemical reaction in which the reactants and products are expressed as formulas |
| coefficients | the numbers that appear before the formulas |
| mole | is an amount of a substance that contains Avogadro's number of particles of that substance |
| molar mass | mass of one mole of a substance |
| law of conservation of mass | mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction |
| synthesis reaction | a reaction in which two or more substances react to form a single substance |
| decomposition reaction | reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances |
| single-replacement reaction | a reaction in which one element takes the place of another element in a compound |
| double-replacement reaction | is one in which two different compounds exchange positive ions and form two new compounds |
| combustion reaction | one in which a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen, often producing heat and light |
| oxidation-reduction reaction | A reaction in which electrons are transferred from one reactant to another |
| A + B --> AB | synthesis reaction |
| AB --> A + B | decomposition reaction |
| A + BC --> B + AC | single-replacement reaction |
| AB + CD --> AD + CB | double-replacement reaction |
| oxidation | loss of electrons |
| reduction | gain of electrons |
| chemical energy | the energy stored in the chemical bonds of a substance |
| exothermic reaction | chemical reaction that releases energy to its surroundings |
| endothermic reaction | reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings |
| reaction rate | the rate at which reactants change into products over time |
| catalyst | a substance that affects the reaction rate without being used up in the reaction |
