| A | B |
|---|
| system | part of universe under study |
| surroundings | everything else |
| universe | system+surroundings |
| exothermic | heat exists system |
| endothermic | heat into system |
| spontaneous | change in system that occurs with not outside intervention (approach to equilibrium). gibs energy always negative |
| 1st law thermodynamics | matter and energy can be interconverted, but they cannot be made or destroyted |
| 2nd law thermodynamics | the entropy of an isolated system not in equilibrium will tend to increase over time, appraching a max value at equilibrium |
| 3rd law thermodynamics | entropy reaches a min and constant value at 0 kelvin |
| reversilbe reaction | think equilbrium ice melting |
| ireversilbe reaction | process that occurs outside equillibrium, poping a ballon |
| ^H is negative | heat is released by system and reaction is hot. are exothermic and generally spontaneous |
| ^H is ...component of free enegery | enthalpy (heat) |
| entropies of ionic solids depend on | coulombic attractions |
| entropy...with molecular complexity | increases |
| entropy...with temp | increaes |
| entropy...when gas is given a grater volume | increaes |
| entropy...when reaction procues more moles of gaseous products then there were gaseous reactants | increaes |
| probability suggests that a spontaneous reaction will result in dispersal of.. | 1. energy (energy divded over greater number of states) 2. of matter (atoms and molecules more diosrdered |
| standard entropy is | entropy change from 0K crystal to standard conditions (1bar, im) |
| a spontanous process is one that resuls in...of entropy in the universe | in of entropy in universe |
| if entropy of universe is increasing reaction is.. | product favoered |
| if reaction is product faovered in spite of a negative ^S reaction is | tnthalpy driven |
| reaction is producted favored in spite of positive ^H reaction is | entropy diriven |
