| A | B |
|---|
| William the Conqueror | Duke of Normandy became King of England when won Battle of Hastings |
| Henry II | English king married Eleanor of Aquitane (France), increased territory |
| King John | Henry's weakest son, signed Magna Carta gave more power to nobles less to king |
| 100 years war | Between England and France, France won |
| Hugh Capet | began the Capetian dynasty of French kings |
| Joan of Arc | peasant girl from France, helped France win 100 years war |
| Ferdinand and Isabella | joint monarchs of Spain |
| Moors | group of Muslims that conquered Spain |
| Crusades (1-4) | Holy wars to gain control of Jerusalem |
| Saladin | Muslim won back Jerusalem in 2nd Crusade |
| Pope Urban II | He called for First Crusade |
| Ottoman Turks | Took over Byzantine Empire in 1453 |
| Phillip II | One of the most powerful Capetian kings, increased territory of France |
