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5: Cell Structure and Function

AB
active transportMoving from high concentration and requires energy.
aerobic respirationProcess that combines sugar (food) and oxygen to make energy.
anaerobic respirationA respiration process that does not require oxygen.
cell wallThe stiff outer layer of plants cells
centriolesCylindrical in shaped organells involved in cell division.
chlorophyllThe green pigment in chloroplasts.
chloroplastsorganelles involved in manufacture of food.
chromosomesLong threadlike structures that contain heredity information.
cytoplasmwatery cell fluid that contains the cell organelles.
diffusionmovement of molecules from higher to lower concentration.
endoplasmic reticulumSystem of channels for the transport of materials throughout the cell.
fermentationAnother name for anaerobic respiration.
lysosomeMembrane-bounded sacs that contain digestive enzymes.
mitochondriaOrganelles involved in cellular respiration.
nuclear membraneMembrane that surrounds the nucleus.
nucleolusLocated in the nucleus for production of ribosomes.
nucleusLarge round structure that controls cell activities.
organellsSmall structures located inside the cell.
organsA group of specialized tissues performing one main function.
osmosisWater moves from higher to lower concentration.
passive transportDiffusion that does not require energy.
photosynthesisThe process by which the green plant makes food.
plasma membraneDouble-layered structure that surround the cell.
ribosomesOrganelles that synthesize proteins.
selectively permeablemembrane that allows only certain substances to pass through it.
systemsA group of organs that carry on major body function.
tissuesGroups of similar cells performing the same function.
vacuolesOrganelles used by the cell for the storage of water, wastes, and food


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