| A | B |
|---|
| Genes | determine traits |
| Alleles | are alternate forms of a gene |
| Homozygous | Alleles are the same |
| Heterozygous | alleles are different |
| Meiosis | the cell division process that produces haploid cells |
| Haploid | half the number of chromosomes |
| The principle of segregation | The two members of a gene pair segregate from each during MEIOSIS |
| The principle of independent assortment | Genes for different traits assort independently of one another during MEIOSIS. |
| Dominant allele | Requires 1 copy for expression of trait |
| Recessive allele | Requires 2 copies for expression of trait |
| Genotype | The allele makeup an organism possesses |
| Phenotype | The traits that are expressed |
| Multiple Alleles | more than two forms of a gene |
| Co-dominance | When two forms of a gene are both expressed |
| Polygenic | When it take more than one gene to produce a phenotype |
| Incomplete Dominance | gives a phenotype when in heterozygous state |
| Pleiotrophy | affecting more than one phenotypic character. |
| Monohybrid | When only one gene or trait is examined |
| Dihybrid | When two genes or traits are examined |
| Punnett Square | Tool that helps to predict probability of results in genetic crosses |
| Test cross | to determine genotype of individual with unknown genotype but dominate phenotype you mate the dominant phenotype individual to a homozygous recessive individual |
