| A | B |
|---|
| Who infection control practices protect | patients, EMTs, EMTs' families |
| Discovered that handwashing before caring for each patient reduced maternal death rates | Austrian obstetrician Semmelweis in 1847 |
| Community risk profile | local health authorities identify the specific infections that may be encountered in that area |
| Intent is to eliminate or minimize occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens | OSHA 1910.1030 |
| universal precautions | all patients be considered as potentially infectious and the same precautions taken with everyone as protection |
| Two of the common infectious illnesses that an EMT may encounter | HIV and tuberculosis |
| An infectious agent is passed through contact with the body/body substances | direct or contact transmission |
| The infectious agent is carried through the air in droplets | airborne transmission |
| When a disease is transmitted by another living creature, that organism is referred to as this, such as insects or animals | vector |
| food or water carries the disease | vehicle transmission |
| three methods of indirect transmission | Airborne, Vector, vehicle transmission |
| Tme most common means of disease transmission | airborne transmission |
| The method by which an organism enters the body | portal of entry |
| examples of portals of entry | break in the skin, ingesting, inhaling, mucous membranes of mouth, nose and eyes |
| two things susceptibility to a disease depends on | virulence of the organism, strength of the person's immune system |
| virulence | strength of the organism, the ability to cause disease |
| Ways to reduce the virulence of infectious agents, or that affect it's virulence | contact with air, cleaning agents, drying in the environment |
| An organ that plays an important role in defense of the body from disease | the intact skin |
| Generally the best defense against disease | a healthy body |
| A way to assist in defense against disease | immunizations |
| dfense cells in the blood that attack certain organisms | antibodies |
| Immunization that OSHA requires that EMTs/healthcare workers be offered | hepatitis B |
| two diseases there is no immunization against that the EMT/healthcare worker may be exposed to | TB or HIV |
| The single best action to prevent the spread of disease | hand washing |
| gear used to protect against exposure to disease or injury | personal protective equipment |
| types of personal protective equipment | gloves, mask, goggles, gown |
| PPE appropriate for fever | gloves and mask |
| PPE appropriate for coughing, inserting an oral pharyngeal airway, suctioning | gloves, mask and eyewear |
| PPE appropriate for taking a pulse, taking a blood pressure, controlling bleeding with minimal visible blood present | gloves |
| appropriate PPE for assisting in childbirth, and controlling an arterial bleed | gloves, mask, eyewear and gown |
| types of decontamination | low-level or housekeeping, intermediate, high-level or sterilization |
| type of decontamination down is there is no visible blood or body fluids, using a hospital disinfectant for things that would not touch the patient | low-level disinfection/ housekeeping |
| type of decontamination used for equipment that only touches the patient's skin, using an EPA registered germicide or bleach and water solution | intermediate level disinfection |
| type or decontamination used for any equipment that might enter a person's body or touch their mucous membranes, using sterilization | high-level disinfection |
| type of decontamination used for linen, surfaces, benches | low-level disinfection |
| type of decontamination used for stretcher, stethoscope, blood pressure cuff, splints, cervical collars, backboards | intermediate-level disinfection |
| type of decontamination used for intubation equipment | high-level disinfection/ sterilization |
| OSHA mandates for the prevention, identification, treatment, and follow-up of infectious exposures in the work place | the infection control plan |
| where the infection control plan is found | in the infection control manual |
| person at EMS whose role it is to review publications and find and implement informationa and standards concerning infection control | the infection control officer or safety officer |
| Ryan White Law | requires that the hospital notify EMS if they transported a patient who is found to have an infectious disease that may have posed a danger to the EMTs |
| prophylaxis | treatment initiated to try to prevent or lessen the likelihood of becoming ill as a result of exposure |
| reason for reporting potential exposures immedicately | to get follow-up that may include prophylaxis |
| the largest risk for the EMTs occupational exposure to blood-borne disease | needlesticks |
| where airway equipment, tissues, nasal cannula, oxygen mask, plastic wraps, gloves, paper gowns may be disposed | regular waste (white bag) |
| where a filled emesis basing, bloody dressings, vaginal pads, soiled undergarments should be disposed | biohazardous waste (red bag) |
| where IV needles, injection needles, and blood-filled glass tubes should be disposed | sharps containers (hard plastic box) |
| any material that is potentially contaminated with biological waste, has strict rules for collection and management | biohazard |
| microorganism that enters the body through the blood or through other body fluids | bloodborne pathogen |
| method of getting from one place to another | mode of transmission |
| person to person transmission | direct transmission |
| contact with the substance that has the pathogen | contact transmission |
| transmitted via a contaminated object | indirect transmission |
| food or water carries the pathogen | vehicle transmission |
| an insect or animal carries the pathogen | vector transmission |
| droplets in the air carries the pathogen | airborne transmission |
| how a pathogen exits the body | portal of exit |
| how a pathogen enters the body | portal of entry |
| where a pathogen lives/ is held | reservoir |
| the pathogen that can cause an illness | infectious agent |
| a person who is more likely to be unable to fight off an infection for some reason | susceptible host |
| an infection you get in a hospital or nursing home | nosocomial infection |
| a plan that identifies tasks within a job that potentially expose a worker to infection, plans how to protect them and reduce risks | infection control plan |
| six links that need to be broken in order to prevent infection | chain of infection |
| the introduction of dangerous chemicals, disease or infectious materials, something soiled, unclean or infectious | contamination |
| the removal or cleansing of dangerous chemicals and other dangerous or infectious materials | decontamination |
| the organisms that cause infection, such as viruses and bacteria | pathogens |
| another term for standard or universal precautions | BSI, body substance isolation |
| cdc | centers for disease control and prevention |
| osha | the occupational health and safety administration |
| bsi | body substance isolation |
| infection control measure of treating eveyone and all body substances as if they may be infectious | universal or standard precautions |
| TB | tuberculosis, infectious bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs |
| HBV | hepatitis B |
| a common blood borne pathogen/virus that affect the liver. healthcare workers are encouraged to be immunized against this, takes three immunizations | HBV/ Hepatitis B |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| PPE | personal protective equipment |
| examples of PPE for health care workers | gloves, gown, mask, goggles, booties |
| examples of PPE for fire fighters | turnout coats, boots, helmet, oxygen tank |
