| A | B |
|---|
| albumin/o | albumin, protein |
| calc/i | calcium |
| cin/e | relationship to movement |
| fluor/o | luminous, glowing |
| glycos/o | glucose, sugar |
| -graph | resulting record |
| -graphy | process of recording |
| hemat/o | blood, relating to the blood |
| -ous | possessing or full of |
| per- | excessive, through |
| phleb/o | vein |
| radi/o | radioation, x-rays, radius bone |
| -scope | instrument for visual examination |
| -scopy | visual examination |
| -uria | urination, urine |
| examination position, patient supine with feet and legs supported in stirrups | lithotomy |
| any position in which the patient is lying down either on back, front or side | recumbent |
| the act of lying down, position assumed in lying down | decubitus |
| the recumbent patient is lying on the belly face down | prone |
| the recumbent patient is lying on the fack face up | supine or horizontal recumbent |
| the recumbent patient is lying on the left side with the right knww and thigh drawn up with the left arm place along the back | Sims' position |
| the recumbent patient is lying face down with the hips flexed so that the knees and chest rest on the table | knee-chest position |
| the recumbent patient is supine with knees bents | dorsal recombent |
| the patient is lying on the back with the knees bent and the legs elevated slightly higher than the head | trendelenburg position |
| position used to treat shock | trendelenburg position |
| measures blood pressure | sphygmomanometer |
| used to listen to sounds within the body and during the measurement of blood pressure | stethoscope |
| used to examine the interior of the eye | ophthalmoscope |
| used to visually examine the external ear canal and tympanic membrane | otoscope |
| PERRLA | pupils are equal, round, responsive to light and accommodation |
| used to enlarge the opening of any canal or cavity to facilitate inspection of its interior | speculum |
| listening through a stethoscope for sounds within the body to determine the condition of the lungs, pleura, heart, and abdomen | auscultation |
| an abnormal sound or murmur heard in auscultation | bruit |
| an abnormal rattle or crackle-like respiratory sound heard during inspiration | rale |
| an added sound with a musical pitch occurring during inspiration or expiration that results from a partially obstructed airway | rhoncus (plural: rhonci) |
| an abnormal, high-pitched harsh or crowing sound heard during instpiration that results from a partial blockage of the pharynx, larynx and trachea | stridor |
| an examination technique in which the examiner's hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency and location of certain body parts | palpation |
| a diagnostic procedure to determine the density of a body area by the sound produced by tapping the surface with the finger or instrument | percussion |
| the puncture of a vein for the purpose of drawing blood | phlebotomy or venipuncture |
| the technique used when only a small amount of blood is needed for a blood test. Name for where it is performed.... finger stick, heel stick, or earlobe stick | capillary puncture |
| series of tests performed as a groupt to evaluate several blood conditions | cbc or complete blood count |
| based on the rate at which the red blood cells separate from the plasma and settle to the bottom of the container. elevated numbers indicates inflammation in the body or evidence of a myocardial infarction | ESR, sed or erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| lab test that measures the percentage by volume of pacted red blood cells in a whole blood sample | hematocrit |
| blood test that measures the number of platelets in a specified amount of blood | platelet count |
| blood test that is a determination of the number of erythrocytes in the blood | red blood cell count |
| blood test that measures the amount of hemoglobin found in whole blood | total hemoglobin(Hb) |
| blood test that is a determination of the number of leukocytes in the blood | white blood cell count |
| blood test that determines what percentage of the total WBC count is composed of each of the five types of leukocytes | white blood cell differential |
| blood test that includes a variety of tests that involve the clumping together of cells or particles when mixed with incompatible serum, use to determine the patient's blood type and check compatibiltiy | agglutination testing |
| blood test to measrue the amount of urea in the blood, the major end product of pretein metabolsima, is a rough indicator of kidney function | BUN, blood urea nitrogen |
| lab test that measures the amounts of cholesterol (HDL), LDL and triglycerides in a blood sample | lipid tests or lipid panel |
| blood test that is used to diagnose conditions associated with abnormal bleeding and to monitor anticoagulant therapy | Prothrombin time |
| lab test to measure the blood enzymes | serum enzyme test |
| lab test to measure how well red blood cells are being broken down. elevated may indicate liver problems or gallstones | serum bilirubin test |
| lab test to measure circulating blood levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) that may indiate abrnomal thyroid activity | thyroid-stimulating hormone assay |
| the examination of the physical and chemical properties of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements | urinalysis |
| fibrous or protein materials, such as pus and fats thrown off in the urine in kidney disease | casts |
| normal pH of urine | 4.5-8.0 |
| reflects the amount of wastes, minerals and solids in the urine | specific gravity |
| high specific gravity (concentrated urine) is seen in what conditions? | dehydration, liver failure, shock |
| low specific gravity (dilute urine) is characteristic of what? | diabetes insipidus |
| condition found in urinalysis, sweet fruity odor | acetone |
| presence of serum protein albumin in the urine, a sign of impaired kidney function | albuminuria |
| the presence of bacteria in the urine | bacteriuria |
| the presence of calcium in the urine, may indicate hyperparathyroidism | calciuria |
| an increased concentration of creatine in the urine | creatinuria |
| a waste product of muscle metabolism, normally removed by the kidneys | creatinine |
| the presence of glucose in the urine, most commonly caused by diabetes | glycosuria |
| the presence of blood in the urine | hematuria |
| the presence of ketones in teh urine | ketonuria |
| formed when the body breaks down fat, their presence in the urine may indicate starvation or uncontrolled diabetes | ketones |
| an excess of serum protein in the urine, usually a sign of kidney disease | proteinuria |
| the presence of pus in the urine | pyuria |
| a lab test to identify the cause of a urinary tract infection and which antibiotic would be the most effective treatment | urine culture and sensitivity |
| the visual examination of the interior of a body cavity | endoscopy |
| the fiber optic instrument used to visualize the interior of a body cavity | endoscope |
| a surgical puncture to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes or to remove excess fluid | centesis |
| the surgical puncutre of the abdominal caivty | abdominocentesis |
| a diagnostic test to evaluate fetal health by surgical puncture | amniocentesis |
| the puncture of a chamber of the heart for diagnosis or therapy | cardiocentesis |
| the drawing of fluid from the pericardial sac | pericardiocentesis |
| the puncture of the cehst wall to obtain fluid for diagnostic purposes, to drain pleural effusions , or to reexpand a collapsed lung | thoracentesis |
| use of ionizing radiation to visualize and examine internal body structures | x-rays |
| a substance used to make visible structures | radiographic contrast medium |
| does not allow the x-rays to pass through and appears white or light gray on the resulting film, (ex. barium sulfate0 | radiopaque contrast medium |
| does allow the x-rays to pass through and appears black or dark gray on the resulting film (ex. air or nitrogen gas0 | radiolucent contrast medium |
| a radiopaque contrast medium used primarily to visualize the digestive system, can be administered orally as a swallow or rectally as an enema | barium |
| infected into the vein to make visible the flow of blood through blood vessles and organs for imaging | intravenous contrast medium |
| a physician who specialize in diagnosing and treating disease and disorders with x-rays and other radiant energy | radiologist |
| an image of hard tissue internal structures is caused by the exposure of sensitized film to x-radiation | conventional radiology, or x-ray or radiology |
| film made from exposing it to x-radiation, is made up of shades of gray, the hard tissues like boen and tooth enamel appear white or light gray | x-ray or radiograph |
| the body placement and the part of the body closest to the film | positioning |
| the path that the x-ray beam follows through the body from entrance to exit | projection |
| when the name of the projection combines two terms into a single word which term is listed first? | the one that the x-ray penetrates first |
| position with patient back parallel to the film, the x-ray beam passes from anterior to posterior | anteroposterior projection (AP) |
| the patient is positioned facing the film and parallel to it. | posteroanterior projection (PA) the x-ray geam travels through the body from posterior to anterior |
| the position at right angles to the film | lateral projection (Lat) or side view |
| the patient is positioned so the body is slanted sidways to the filme | oblique projection |
| used in dentistry, the film is placed outside of the mouth | extraoral radiography |
| x-ray that shows all of the teeth and surrounding structures of the upper and lower dental arches on a single film | panorex or panoramic radiograph |
| dental x-ray in which the film is placed within the mouth | intraoral radiography |
| x-ray that shows the entire tooth and some surround tissue | periapical radiograph |
| x-ray that shows the crowns of teeth in both arches, used primarily to dtect decay | bitewing radiographs |
| uses a thin, fan-shaped x-ray beam that rotates around the patient to produce multiple cross-sectional views of the body | CT, CAT, compute tomography, computed axial tomography |
| plane of the body going vertically through from front to back, head to toe | sagittal |
| plans of the body going across the body at right angles to the spine from front to back | transverse |
| planes of the body going from side to side head to toe | coronal (frontal) |
| uses a combination of radio waves and a strong magnetic field to creat signals that are sent to the computer and converted into images of any plane through the body, used to image complex joints and the axial skeleton | MRI or magnetic resonance imaging |
| used to visualize body parts in motion by projecting x-ray images on a luminous fluorescent screen | fluoroscopy |
| the recording of images as they appear in motion on a fluorescent screen | cineradiography |
| imaging of deep body structures by recording the echoes of pulses of sound waves | diagnostic ultrasound |
| resulting record from the imaging of deep body structures by recording sound waves | sonogram |
| involves the use of radiopharmaceuticals that are injected or inhaled into the obdy and absorbed by a particular organ, has a radionuclide tracer, a gamma-ray camera attached to a computer then generates an image showing the pattern of absorption to detect pathology, used in both diagnosis and treatment | nuclear medicine or radionuclide imaging |
| uses of radionuclide imaging to gather information about the sturcture and function of organs or systems that can not be seen on conventional x-rays ex. bone scan | nuclear scan or scintigram |
| nuclear imaging technizue in which pictures are taken by 1-3 gamma cameras (detectors) after a radionuclide tracer has been injected into the body, the cameras rotate around the patient's body collecting data and producing images on a variety of planes | SPECT or single photon emission computer tomography |
| the flow of blood through the vessels of an organ | perfusion |
| combines tomography with radionuclide tracers to produce enhanced images of selected body organs or areas, combines tomography with radionuclide tracerss | PET, positron emission tomography |
| a laboratory technique in which a radioactively labeled substance is mixed with a blood specimen | radioassay or radioimmunoassay |
| to determine the amount oa particular substance in a mixture | assay |
| a method of tagging antibodies with a fluorescent dye to detect or localize antigen-antibody combinations | immunoflurescence |
| the study of the nature, uses, and effects of drugs for medical purposes | pharmacology |
| a specialist who is licensed in formulating and dispensing medications | pharmacist |
| an order of medication, therapy or a therapeutic device | prescription |
| medication that may be dispensed only with a prescription from an appropriately licensed profession | prescription drug |
| a medication that may be dispensed without a written prescription | over-the- counter drug |
| drug named for its chemical structure and not protected by a brand name or trademark | generic drug |
| drug sold under the name given by the manufacturer, spelled with a capital letter | brand name drug |
| a compulsive, uncontrollable dependence on a substance , habit or practic to the degree that stopping causes severe emotional, mental or physiologic reactions | addiction |
| an undesirable drug response that accompanies the principal response for which the drug was taken | adverse drug reaction, side effect or adverse drug event |
| the patient's consistency, accuracy in following the regimen prescribed by a physician | compliance |
| directions or rules for a patient | regimen |
| a factor in the patient's condition that makes the use of a drug dangerous or ill advised | contraindication |
| occurs when the effect of one drug is modified when it is administered at the same time as another drug | drug interaction |
| an unexpected reaction to a drug | idiosyncratic reaction |
| a substance that eases the pain or severity of a disease but does not cure it | palliative |
| a substance containing no active ingredients that is given for its suggestive effects | placebo |
| a drug interactionthat occurs when the effect of one drug is potentiated(increased) by another drug | potentiation or synergism |
| vapor and gases taken in through the nose or mouth and absorbed into the blood stream through the lungs | inhalation administration |
| drugs taken by mouth to be absorbed into the stomach or small intestine | oral administration |
| coating applied to some tablets to preven the release and absorption of their contents until they reach the small intestine | enteric coating |
| a procedure performed through the skin | percutaneous treatment |
| the insertion of medication in the rectum | rectal administration by suppositories or liquid solutions |
| medication is place under the tongue and allowed to dissolve slowly | sublingual administration |
| drugs applied for local action | topical administration |
| method of applying a drug to unbroken skin via a patch | transdermal delivery |
| the administration of medication by injection through a hypodermic syringe | parenteral administration |
| injection directly into muscle tissue | intramuscular |
| injection made into the fatty layer just below the skin | subcutaneuous |
| injection made directly into a vein | intravenous |
| injection made into the middle layers of the kin | intradermal |
| a.c. | before meals |
| p.c. | after meals |
| ad lib | as desired |
| b.i.d. | twice a day |
| t.i.d. | three times a day |
| q.i.d. | four times a day |
| q.d. | every day |
| q.h. | every hour |
| c (with a line over it) | with |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| p.r.n. | as needed |
| p.o. | by mouth |
| measures number of heartbeats per minute, normal is 60-100 for an adult | pulse rate |
| injection into muscle tissue | IM |
| injection into the dermis, middle layers of skin | ID |
| injection into a vein | IV |
| injection into the fatty layer just under the top layer of skin | SQ or subQ or SC |
| blood test that detects inflammation of the arteries of the heart, and could signal an increased risk of heart attack. | C-reactive protein test |
| evaluate a condition | assess |
| combines MRI with a contrast medium to locate problems in blood vessels | Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) |
| the induced effect of the medication is the exact opposite of what was intended | paradoxical drug reaction |
| below normal | hypo- |
| above normal | hyper- |
| temperature/heat | therm/o |
