| A | B |
|---|
| dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| apnea | lack of breathing |
| responsibility of respiratory system | provide oxygen to the body, remove carbon dioxide |
| three general parts of respiratory system | upper airway, respiratory tree, musculature |
| structures of upper airway | nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx |
| function of upper airway | air flow in and out, warm and humidify the air |
| throat | pharynx |
| voice box | larynx |
| respiratory tree structures | trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli |
| function of respiratory tree | reoxygenate the blood, exchange O2 for CO2 |
| respiratory musculature muscles | diaphragm, chest wall muscles |
| accessory muscles of respiration | chest wall muscles |
| function of diaphragm | contracts during inspiration and relaxes to allow exhalation |
| function of chest wall muscles | help raise the chest during inspiration |
| the movement of air in and out of the lungs | ventilation |
| breathing in | inspiration |
| breathing out | exhalation |
| place where the O2 and CO2/ gas exchange occurs | alveolar sacs |
| Negative pressure | allows air to be pulled into lungs, cause in chest cavity when diaphragm contracts/pulls down and ribs rise |
| happens when the diaphragm relaxes and rises | air rushes out of lungs back into environment |
| respiratory drive | brain monitors pH levels in the blood caused by CO2, prompting breath speed |
| respiration | alveolar-capillary gas exchange in the lungs |
| ventilation | breathing in and out |
| 5 characteristics of adequate air exchange | comfortable appearance, normal lung sounds, normal respiration rate, normal vital signs, pink mucous membrane color |
| normal respiration rate of an adult | 12-20 time/minute |
| 5 characterists of breathing difficulty | appearance is tired, and breathing with effort, abnormal lung sounds, rate faster or slower than normal, vital signs elevated, color pale and/or cyanotic |
| cyanosis | blue color from lack of oxygen |
| high-pitched, whining sound of lungs from abnormally narrowed airways | wheezing |
| a coarse lung sound on both inspiration and exhalation caused by mucous accumulation | rhonci |
| rales/crackles | lung sound created by abnormal fluid build up |
| blow-by oxygen technique | used by holding O2 mask close to patients face and allowing O2 to blow by the nose and mouth. Used when the patient won't allow the mask to be put on. |
| upright or however is most comfortable | position it is easier to breathe in |
| tripod position | person is leaning forward, hands on knees, using accessory muscles to help breathe |
| sternal retractions | accessory muscles pull on the sternum and ribs when in extreme respiratory distress |
| bronchodilator | medication that is inhaled to open the bronchioles and allow person to breathe better |
| asthma | respiratory disease that constricts the lower airways/bronchioles |
