| A | B |
|---|
| skeletal system function | supports the body, protects the organs |
| joints function | allows for movement |
| hematopoiesis | development of blood cells |
| bone marrow | soft tissue in center of bones |
| bone marrow function | produces new red blood cells |
| four types of bones | long, flat, short, irregular |
| example of long bone | arm, leg |
| example of flat bone | sternum |
| example of short bone | carpals, tarsals, phalanges |
| example of irregular | vertebrae, ear |
| tough white oute covering of bone which helps to heal bones | periosteum |
| larger round ends of long bones where muscles and ligaments are attached | epiphyses |
| thing layer of cushion between bones | articular cartilage |
| long straight shafte of a long bone | diaphysis |
| bones that protect the brain | cranial |
| bones that protect the heart | sternum and ribs |
| wrist bones | carpals |
| ankle bones | tarsals |
| finger and toe bones | phalanges or digits |
| Where do you find vertebrae? | spine |
| function of a ligament | bind ends of bones together in a joint |
| function of cartilage | protects bone surfaces from wearing/rubbing |
| capsule enclosing joints | synovial |
| purpose of synovial capsule | produces fluids which lubricates the joint |
| loop structure at the bottom of the pelvic bones | ischium |
| piece of cartilage at the midline of the pelvis | symphysis pubis |
| part of the pelvis that is made of fused vertebrae | sacrum |
| large wing=shaped portion of the pelvis with rolled crests | ilium |
| anterior portion of the pelvis | pubic bones |
| the tailbone | coccyx |
| referring to the chest | thoracic |
| material that allows the ribs to move when a person breathes | cartilage |
| tough fibrous tissue that connects one end of muscle to a bone | tendon |
| first vertebra at the top, supports the skull | atlas |
| second vertebra, allows the head to turn | axis |
| fracture where the bone is broken, but skin is intact | closed or simple fracture |
| type of fracture that breaks the skin | open or compound fracture |
| type of fracture that bone breaks the skin and also damages tissue and/or organs | complicated fracture |
| type of fracture that happens due to cancer or osteoporosis, not an injury | pathological fracture |
| type of fracture that twists the bone | greenstick fracture |
| type of fracture that the bone splinters/is crushed | comminuted fracture |
| type of fracture that the end of bone is shoved into the other broken end | impacted fracture |
| bone and bone marrow inflammation | osteomyelitis |
| tissue death | necrosis |
| -oma | tumor |
| a localized tumor that does not spread | benign |
| a cancerous tumor | malignant |
| when a cancerous tumor spreads | metastasis |
| malignant tumor that develops from connective tissue like muscles or bone | sarcoma |
| condition caused by a build up of uric acid | gout |
| spine has a curve in it | scoliosis |
| spine humps due to many small fractures of the vertebra | kyphosis |
| spine has an L bend in the lumbar region | lordosis |
| serious inflammation that can destory the vertebrae | spondylitis |
| with/at birth | congenital |
| sac with spinal fluid that protrudes through an opening in the spine | meningocele |
| vertebrae have an opening, but the spinal cord stays within the spine | spina bifida occulta |
| vertebrae do not totally close around the spinal cord | spina bifida |
| sac with the spinal cord puses throught the abnormal opening in the spinal column | myelomeningocele |
| NSAID | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| type of medicine that reduces inflammation, fever and pain | corticosteriods |
| medication type that decreases formation of uric acid | antihyperuremics |
| type of medication that facilitates the excretion of uric acid | uricosurics |
| is present in a patient's blood serum if they have rheumatoid arthritis | rheumatoid factor |
| a precedue that helps diagnose connective tissue diseases by removing a small piece of tissue with a scapel or needle | skin biopsy |
| a serious connective tissue disease | lupus erythematosis |
| x-ray using injection of dye or air to outline the joints | arthrography |
| xray | radiography |
| procedure that measures the amount of heat radiating from skin over a joint | thermography |
| visual examination of the interior of a joint | arthroscopy |
| puncture into a joint | arthrocentesis |
| incision into a joint | arthrotomy |
| surgical joint immobilization | arthrodesis |
| -desis | binding |
| procedure for repairing a bone | osteoplasty |
| surgical removal of the posterior arch of vertebra | laminectomy |
| surgical removal of synovial membrane in a joint | synovectomy |
| artificial body part | prosthesis |
| AE | above the elbow |
| AKA | above the knee amputation |
| C-1 | first cervical vertebra |
| BE | below the elbow |
| L-2 | second lumbar vertebra |
| AK | above the knee |
| THR | total hip replacement |
| BKA | below the knee amputation |
| THA | total hip arthroplasty |
| HNP | herniated nucleus pulposis (slipped disc) |
| BK | below the knee |
| Ortho | orthopedics |
| TKA | total knee arthroplasty |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
| Fx | fracture |
| T-3 | third thoracic vertebra |
| TKR | total knee replacement |
| OA | osteoarthritis |
| head first | cephalic |
| arm | brachial |
| finger and toe bones | phalanges |
| below the breast bone | substernal |
| upper arm | humeral |
| neck | cervical |
| ribs | costal |
| skull | cranial |
| wrist | carpal |
| femur/leg | femoral |
| front of pelvis | pubic |
| health professional who treat feet | podiatrist |
| kneecap removal | patellectomy |
| shin | tibial |
| ankle | tarsal |
| smaller leg bone | fibular |
| perceiving pain in a missing limb | phantom limb pain |
| referring to muscular/skeletal disorders | orthopedic |
| early embryonic form | -blast |
| rounded end of long bone | condyle |
| something that breaks | -clast |
| recording of muscle | myogram |
| softening of tissue | -malacia |
| fontanels | soft spots allow for enlargment of the skull as brain growth occurs, turn into bone by 18 mo. |
| foramina | openings in bones, allow nerves and blood vessels to enter and leave bone |
| true ribs | first seven pairs, attach to sternum |
| false ribs | five pairs, first three attah to cartilage of nearest rib, last two have no attachment in front (floating ribs) |
| sternum | breast bone |
| three parts of sternum | manubrium, gladiolus, xiphoid process |
| clavicle | collarbone |
| scapula | shouder blade, provides attachment of upper arm |
| olecranon process | projection on ulna at upper end, forms elbow |
| humerus | upper arm bone |
| radius | lower arm bone/thumb side |
| ulna | lower arm bone, fifth phalanges side |
| cranium | "skull", made of eight bones |
| facial bones | 14 bones that form the face |
| mandible | lower jaw |
| maxilla | two bones: upper jaw |
| zygomatic | two cheek bones |
| nasal | five nose bones |
| lacrimal | two bones near eyes |
| palatine | two bones of hard palate/roof of mouth |
| sutures | areas where cranial bones have joined together |
| vertebrae | 26 bones of the spinal column |
| cervical | seven neck vertebrae |
| thoracic | 12 vertebrae in back of chest, attach to ribs |
| lumbar | five vertebrae by waist |
| sacrum | one large vertebra on back of pelvic girdle |
| coccyx | tailbone/one fused vertebra |
| humerus | upper arm bone |
| carpals | eight wrist bones |
| metacarpals | five palm bones |
| phalanges | fourteen bones on each hand and foot that form fingers and toes |
| os coxae | hip bones, has three fused bones: ilium, ischium, pubis |
| symphysis pubis | joint on front/ventral part of body where pelvic girdle joins |
| acetabulum | recessed areas/sockets that provide for attachemtn of the femur |
| femur | thigh bone |
| patella | knee cap |
| tibia | shin bone, large weight bearing bone of lower leg |
| fibula | smaller bone of lower leg |
| tarsal | 7 bones of ankles |
| calcaneous | heel bone ( a tarsal bone) |
| metarsals | five bones that form instep of foot |
| joint | area where two or more bones join together |
| ligaments | connective tissue bands that hold long bones together |
| diarthrosis joint | freely movable |
| ball-and-socket joint | type of diarthrosis joint: shoulder and hip |
| hinge joint | type of diarthrosis joint: elbow and knee |
| amphiarthrosis | slightly movable joint: attachment of ribs to thoracic vertebrae, symphysis pubis |
| synarthrosis | immovable joint: suture joints of cranium |
| arthritis | inflammation of the joints |
| osteoarthritis | chronic inflammation of the joints that occurs with age |
| rheumatoid arthritis | chronic inflammation of connective tissue and joints begins early middle adult years |
| bursitis | inflammation of bursae, small fluid-filled sacs surrounding the joints |
| reduction | process by which bone is put back into alignment |
| closed reduction | position bone in alignment with traction, cast or splint |
| open reduction | surgical repair of bone, sometimes needs pins, plates, rods |
| dislocation | bone is forcibly displaced from a joint |
| sprain | twisting action tears ligaments at a joint |
| bone density test | test to measure for osteoporosis, strength of bones |
| osteoporosis | metabolic disorder with increased porosity of bones, caused by deficiency of estrogen, lack of calcium in diet and sedentary life style leading to loss of calcium in bones |
