| A | B |
|---|
| cardiomyopathy | general term for disease of heart muscle |
| cardioplasty | surgical repair of the heart |
| arteries | carry oxygenated blood to the body, have muscles in their walls to maintain blood pressure |
| veins | have small, one-way valves, vessels that carry blood back to the heart |
| capillaries | microscopic, smallest blood vessels |
| arterioles | small arteries |
| venules | smallest veins |
| -ole | small |
| subclavian artery | artery that runs under the clavicle (collar bone) |
| ulnar artery | artery that runs along the ulna in the lower arm |
| radial artery | artery that runs along the radius |
| femoral artery | artery that goes downward parallel to the femur in upper leg |
| subclavian vein | vein that runs under the clavicle |
| double-walled sac which surounds the heart | pericardium |
| inner membrane lining of the heart | endocardium |
| muscular layer of the heart, responsible for heart beating and blood pumping | myocardium |
| outermost layer "upon" the heart | epicardium |
| upper chambers of the heart, receive blood from the body through veins | right and left atrium |
| lower chambers of the heart, pump blood to the body through arteries | right and left ventricles |
| interatrial septum | separates the right and left atria |
| interventricular septum | separates the right and left ventricles |
| wall of tissue that separates venous and arterial blood/two cavities in the heart | septum |
| superior vena cavae | vein that brings blood from the upper body and head back to the heart |
| inferior vena cavae | veins that bring blood from the lower body back to the heart |
| four blood vessels that enter the left atrium | pulmonary veins, from the lungs |
| blood vessels that leave the right ventricle | right and left pulmonary arteries to the lungs |
| fluid that prevents friction between pericardial sac and heart when the heart beats | pericardial fluid |
| plural of atrium, the top chambers of the heart | atria |
| artificial device implanted to replace electrical impulses to the heart because nodes aren't functioning effectively | pacemaker |
| receives charges from the right and left bundle brances and make the ventricles contract | Purkinje Fibers |
| tricuspid valve | valve with three flaps that is between the right atrium and right ventricle |
| biscuspid valve/ mitral valve | two flapped valve between the left atrium and left ventricle |
| aortic valve | semilunar valve between the left ventricl and the aorta |
| pulmonary semilunar valve | semilunar valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery |
| half moon shaped valves | semilunar |
| transmits charge from AV node to the right and left bundle branches in the ventricles | Bundle of His |
| node which passes charge from SA node to the bundle of His, named for it's anatomical position in the heart | AV node/ atrioventricular node |
| node in right atrium which originates a normal heartbeat, named for it's anatomical position in the heart | S-A node/SA node/ sinoatrial node |
| mass of specialized tissue that controls, creates, carries electrical charges in the heart | nodes |
| instrument used to measure blood pressure | sphygmomanometer |
| two major components of the blood | plasma and corpuscles |
| contains water, albumin, globulin, prothrombin | plasma |
| the bodies/elements of the blood | corpuscles |
| some of the components of corpuscles | RBC, WBC, platelets |
| the thin, sticky fluid that is left after blood has coagulated | serum |
| clotting protein found in plasma | prothrombin |
| white cells, help defend against disease, infection | leukocytes |
| red cells | erythrocytes |
| platelets | thrombocytes |
| stopping bleeding through blood clotting | hemostasis |
| the machine that records the heart's electrical charges | electrocardiograph |
| the report/record of the electrical activity of the heart | electrocardiogram |
| hardening of the arteries caused by fatty deposits | artherosclerosis |
| hardening of the arteries | arteriosclerosis |
| fatty deposit associated wtih atherosclerosis | placque |
| deficient blood supply to the tissues | ischemia |
| localized area of necrosis in a tissue, vessel, or organ resulting from lack of oxygen | infarct |
| death of areas of tissue or bone | necrosis |
| treatment for angina pectoris | vasodilator to allow more oxygen to the coronary arteries |
| chest pain caused by the heart not getting enough blood or oxygen | angina pectoris |
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| part of the heart muscle dies due to lack of blood or oxygen, also called heart attack | myocardial infarction |
| an agent that opens vessels | vasodilator |
| an agent that lower blood pressure by helping get rid of excess fluid through the urine | diuretic |
| dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| diaphoresis | profuse sweating |
| pallor | unnaturally pale skin color or lack of color |
| tachycardia | faster than normal heart rate |
| bradycardia | slower than normal heart rate |
| congenital defect which includes four major defects of heart structure | Tetrology of Fallot |
| stenosis | narrowing of vessels or valves |
| insufficiency of valves | valves don't close as tightly or open as fully as needed |
| valvuloplasty | plastic surgery repair of heart valve |
| medications that help prevent infection like bacterial endocarditis | prophylactis medications |
| ventricles are too weak to pump blood effectively | Congestive Heart Failure /CHF |
| orthopnea | having to sit up in order to breathe |
| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity |
| cardiomegaly | heart enlargement |
| defibrillation | electric shock used to stop the ventricles from fibrillating |
| fibrillation | heart quivers, can't fill or pump blood |
| dysrhythmia | abnormal heart beat |
| cardioversion | using electric shock to return the heart to normal rhythm, also called defibrillation |
| inserted into a person's chest to regulate the heart beat | pacemaker |
| three conditions that can cause valve damage to large veins | pregnancy, standing for long periods, habitual leg crossing |
| veins that distend, twist or swell | varicose veins |
| surgical procedure for varicose veins | ligation and stripping |
| varicosity | one swollen and/or twisted vein |
| varices | more than one swollen or twisted vein/ plural |
| thrombus | blood clot that is attached to a vein wall |
| embolus | blood clot that moves in a vein and can lodge somewhere |
| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein |
| embolectomy | excision of a blood clot |
| aneurysm | dilation or outpouching of an artery/ weakening in the wall of a blood vessel, danger of hemorrhage if it ruptures |
| hematoma | blood blister |
| dyscrasia of the blood | abnormal condition of the blood or bone marrow |
| anemia | lower than normal number of RBC |
| erythrocytosis | more than normal number of RBC |
| leukopenia | less than normal WBC |
| leukemia | more than normal WBC |
| thrombocytopenia | low number of platelets |
| hemophilia | genetic bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of blood clotting factors |
| iron deficiency anemia | reduced amount of hemoglobin in RBC caused by insufficient iron in the diet |
| sickle-cell anemia | genetic disorder caused by malformed RBC |
| hypertension | high blood pressure |
| hypotension | low blood pressure |
| idiopathic hypertension | high blood pressure with no known cause |
| malignant hypertension | blood pressure increases quickly, severely and can cause damage and death |
| agent/medication type that interferes with blood clotting and prevents thrombi and emboli | anticoagulants |
| anticoagulant given by injection or intravenous solution | heparin |
| anticoagulant that can be used by patients at home | coumadin |
| medication/treatment needed for hemophilia to help with normal blood clotting | antihemophilic factor or factor VIII |
| cholesterol | a fat/lipid found in the blood, high levels can lead to hardening of arteries |
| purpose of hemoglobin | carries oxygen throughout the body |
| drugs that lower blood pressure | antihypertensives |
| vasoconstriction | narrowing/tightening of vessels |
| used to treat Raynaud's patients | vasodilators |
| What class of medication is nitroglycerin? | vasodilator |
| What effect does digoxin have? | strengthens heart beat, causes more blood to be pumped per beat |
| Test done to test the fluid to see if a patient has pericarditis | pericardiocentesis |
| recording of the heart's movement of valves and chambers using sound waves | echocardiogram |
| recording of the heart's electrical activity/rhythm strip | electrocardiogram |
| peripheral | arms/legs, away from the center of the body |
| test used to determine if thrombi are blocking blood vessels | ultrasonogram |
| angiography | test done by cardiac catheterization using radiopaque dyed to x-ray vessels |
| bypass | going around the clogged area |
| aneurysmectomy | surgical procedure to remove an aneurysm |
| anastomosis | end to end union of tubular tissue |
| arterial anastomosis | surtical procedure to join two ends of an artery together |
| venipuncture | opening/puncturing a vein |
| venesection | cutting open a vein |
| phlebotomy | withdrawing blood with a needle |
| angioplasty | surgical reconstruction/repair of a blood vessel |
| ASCVD | arteriosclerotic cardiovascular heart disease |
| ICU | intensive care unit |
| CCU | coronary care unit |
| VSD | ventricular septal defect, the septum wall between the ventricals has a hole |
| AS | aortic stenosis (narrowing of the aorta) |
| ASD | atrial septal defect, the septum wall between the atria has a hole |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| MI | myocardial infarction (heart attack |
| ASHD | arteiosclerotic heart disease |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| CV | cardiovascular |
| ECG, EKG | electrocardiogram |
| PAT | paroxysmal atrial tachycardia |
| paroxysmal | periodic sudden attacks |
| tachycardia | fast heart beat |
| PVC | premature ventricular contractions (heart beats too soon, feels like a skipped beat) |
| MS | mitral stenosis, narrowing of the mitral valve |
| b/p, bp | blood pressure |
| hemangioma | benign tumor made of blood vessels |
| thrombosis | formation of a blood clot |
| aortostenosis | narrowed aorta |
| venous | pertaining to a vein |
| vasospasm | constriction of a vessel |
| cardiomyopathy | disease of heart muscle |
| angiogram | x-ray report of blood vessel using injected radiopaque dye |
| hypothermia | below normal temperature |
| holter monitor | small, portable personal use EKG monitor worn during normal activites to record heart rhythms |
| mitral valve prolapse | leaves of the valve protrude back into the atrium, doesn't close properly |
| bruit | noise heard when listening with a stethescope to the heart/vessels |
| murmur | noise heard from a heart valve that doesn't close completely, a blowing heart sound, the sound of the blood rushing through the valve |
