| A | B |
|---|
| to secrete or discharge within | endocrine |
| body system that works with the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis | nervous system |
| state of equilibrium or balance of all the body systems | homeostasis |
| regulates the activity of specific cells and organs' metabolism and maintains homeostasis | a hormone |
| the rate of physical and chemical changes which occurs in the body during a period of time | metabolism |
| gland located in the central portion of the brain | pineal gland |
| produces the hormone, melatonin | pineal gland |
| hormone that sets our sleep/wake cycle | melatonin |
| gland located on the underside of the brain | pituitary |
| gland that regulates the secretion of hormones by other endocrine glands | pituitary gland |
| master gland or hypophysis | pituitary gland |
| two lobes of the pituitary gland | adenohypophysis or anterior lobe pituitary and neurohypophysis or posterior lobe pituitary |
| pituitary lobe stimulated by hormone blood levels | anterior lobe pituitary |
| pituitary lobe stimulated by nerve stimulation | posterior lobe pituitary |
| hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary that stimulates body growth | growth hormone/somatotropin |
| hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid to secrete hormones | thyrotropin or thyroid stimulating hormone or TSH |
| hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary that retains water when blood pressure is low | vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone |
| hormone that is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary that stimulates the uterus to contract during labor and causes ejection of breast milk | oxytocin |
| gland located in front of the trachea just below the larynx | thyroid gland |
| narrow structure connecting the two larger parts of the thyroid | isthmus |
| hormone secreted by the thyroid that causes the body to burn more oxygen and increase body metabolism | thyroxin or T4 |
| hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that is produced by the thyroid using iodine | triiodothyronine or T3 |
| hormone produced by the thyroid that regulates the level of calcium in the blood | calcitonin |
| gland located posterior of the thyroid gland | the four parathyroid glands |
| hormone secreted by the parathyroid | parathormone |
| hormone secreted by the parathyroid that helps maintain the blood level of calcium by absorbing calcium from food, using the kidneys to conserve calcium and also helps form new bone cells | parathyroid hormone/parathormone |
| secretes steroid hormones | cortex of the adrenal gland |
| kind of steroid that affects water and mineral balance in the body and regulates electrolytes | mineralocorticoids |
| kind of steroid that affects carbohydrate metabolism | glucocorticoids |
| the major glucocorticoids | cortisol. hydrocortisone |
| medical term of sex hormones | gonadocorticoids, androgens |
| two parts of the adrenal gland | cortex (outer part), medulla (inner part) |
| two hormones secreted by the medulla of the adrenal gland | epinephrine or adrenaline and norepinephrine |
| a hormone secreted by the medulla of the adrenal gland that is a vasoconstrictor to raise blood pressure | norepinephrine |
| a hormone secreted by the medulla of the adrenal gland that allows the body to respond to acute stress | epinephrine or adrenaline |
| means to release a hormone inside of a gland directly into the blood stream | endocrine |
| means to release a hormone from a gland using a duct | exocrine |
| located inferior to the stomach, posterior to the intestines | pancreas |
| hormone secreted by the pancreas that increases concentration of sugar in the blood as needed | glucagon |
| group of cells responsible for the endocrine fuctions of the pancreas | Islets of Langerhans |
| hormone secreted by the Islets of langerhans that is necessary to transport sugar into the body cells to burn for energy and maintain normal blood sugar | insulin |
| hormones secreted by the ovaries | estrogen and progesterone |
| hormone secreted by the ovaries that assists in mammary milk glands' development and helps prepare the uterus for and maintains a pregnancy | progesterone |
| hormone secreted by the ovaries that is responsible for secondary sex characteristis and the monthly menstrual cycle | estrogen |
| hormones secreted by the testicles | androgen and testosterone |
| hormone secreted by the testicles that produces development of male characteristics | androgen |
| hormone secreted by the testicles that is responsible for normal sexual behavior | testosterone |
| means putting out too much hormones | hypersecretion |
| means putting out not enough hormones | hyposecretion |
| disorder from hypersecretion of ADH or vasopressin | SIADH/syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone |
| disorder from hyposecretion of ADH or vasopressin | diabetes insipidus |
| disorder from hypersecretion of somatotropin | giantism and acromegaly |
| disorder from hyposecretion of somatotropin | dwarfism |
| disorder infants have from hypothyroidism | cretinism |
| disorder adults have from hypothyroidism | myxedema |
| caused by a lack of iodine in the diet | hypothyroidism |
| symptoms of hypothyroidism | sensitivity to cold, fatigue, slow pulse, lethargy, slow mental function |
| another name for hyperthyroidism | Grave's disease |
| symptom of hyperthyroidism that affects the eye | exophthalmos |
| enlarged thyroid | goiter |
| disorder with very low level of calcium in the blood | hypoparathyroidism |
| intermittent muscle spasms of extremities casued by very low levels of calcium | tetany |
| low blood level of calcium | hypocalcemia |
| tumor of a gland | adenoma |
| problem that results from calcium moving from the bones faster than new calcium can replace it | osteoporosis |
| disease resulting from increased amount of adrenal hormones | Cushing's Syndrome |
| disease resulting from decreased amount of adrenal hormones | Addison's Disease |
| disorder from abnormally low level of sodium in the blood | hyponatremia |
| disorder from abnormally high level of potassium in the blood, is dangerous to the heart | hyperkalemia |
| round and puffy face from excessive secretions of glucocorticoids | moon face |
| excessive growth of hair from excessive secretions of glucocorticoids | hirsutism |
| serious inflammation of the peritoneum, can result from a very inflamed pancrease leaking digestive enzymes into the abdominal cavity among other causes | peritonitis |
| disease that happens when the Islet of Langerhans in the pancrease no longer produces enough insulin | Diabetes Mellitus |
| excessive blood sugar | hyperglycemia |
| acidic condition of the blood | ketoacidosis |
| much thirst | polydipsia |
| frequent eating | polyphagia |
| much urine | polyuria |
| sugar in the urine | glycosuria |
| type of diabetes/insulin dependence usually found in children that is insulin dependent | Type I |
| type of diabetes that is usually found in adults that is non-insulin dependent | Type 2 |
| medications that reduce inflammation, decrease allergic responses, decrease the fejection of transplanted organs and treat some cancers | corticosteriods |
| type of insulin that acts in 10 minutes to 1 hour | R |
| type of insulin that acts in 1-3 hours | NPH |
| type of insulin that acts in 4-6 hours | Ultralente |
| type of medication that stimulates the pancreas to produce more insulin or helps the body to use insulin | oral hypoglycemic |
| blood tests done to determine the functioning for the thyroid gland | free thyroxin (FT4) TSH, RAIU |
| blood test to determine parathyroid function | serum calcium level |
| type of blood test for diabetes that requires the patient not eat anything for 12 hours | fasting plasma glucose |
| thype of blood test that cn be done for diabetes that does not requires food restriction | casual plasma glucose |
| a sac containing fluid that has a definite wall | cystic nodule |
| test done by inserting a needle into a nodule, drawing a small amount of tissue into the syringe and send it to the lab for analysis | fine needle aspiration biopsy |
| removal of adrenal gland | adrenalectomy |
| total removal of thyroid | thyroidectomy |
| removal of part, leaving some of the thyroid behind | subtotal thyroidectomy |
| removal of one or more of the four parathyroid glands | parathyroidectomy |
| removal of anterior lobe of the pituitary gland | adenohypophysectomy |
| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary hormone to stimulate the adrenal glands to produce their hormones |
| FPG | fasting plasma glucose also FBS/ fasting blood sugar |
| ADH | antidiuretic hormone, secreted by posterior pituitary to retain body water and sodium |
| GH | growth hormone, an anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates growth of bones and tissue |
| GTT | glucose tolerance test |
| DM | Diabetes Mellitus, a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels |
| FSH | follicle stimulating hormone, an anterior pituitary hormone which stimulates the ovaries |
| PGH | pituitary growth hormone |
| TSH | thyroid stimulating hormone, an anterior pituitary hormone which stimulates the thyroid to produce its own hormones |
| XX | female sex chromosomes |
| XY | male sex chromosomes |
| well-developed hyperthyroidism | thyrotoxicosis or Grave's disease |
| chronic hypothyroidism from thyroiditis | Hashimoto's diseae |
| three common uses of hormone replacement therapy | simulate labor, stimulate growth, replace missing hormones (insulin,thyroid hormones, estrogen) |
| normally functioning thyroid | euthyroid |
| amount of energy used in a person who is fasting and resting | basal metabolic rate |
| disorder of acute hyperthyroidism that is very serious, can be fatal, has a high fever, tachycardia, irritability and pulmonary edema | thyroid storm |
