| A | B |
|---|
| function of urinary system | removes waste, regulates water and electrolytes |
| substances in the blood and body fluids that balance body functions | electrolytes |
| examples: sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, bicarbonate, magnesium | electrolytes |
| water and waste products filtered from the kidney and discharged from the body | urine |
| structures that connect the kidneys to the bladder | ureters |
| structure that is a muscular sac that hold urine until a person feels the urge to urinate | bladder |
| another term for urinate | void |
| external opening of the urethra | urinary meatus |
| small tubular passageway from the bladder to the urinary meatus | urethra |
| the gland in the male that surrounds the urethra just under the bladder | prostate |
| function of the prostate gland | secretes a thin fluid that assists in carrying sperm outside the body |
| the tough outer covering protecting the kidney | renal capsule |
| contains nephrons that are filtering organs to the medulla of the kidney | cortex |
| where the ureter is attached | hilum |
| the structure the urine empties into the pelvis of the kidney | calyx |
| the part of the kidney that collects the urine from the entire kidney | pelvis |
| function of a nephron | filters waste products and excess fluid from the blood |
| waste products and excess products that the nephrons remove from the blood | urea, uric acid, creatinine, electrolytes, sugar |
| approximate number of nephrons that each kidney contains | millions |
| most common urinary infection | cystitis |
| cause of cystitis | urinary retention or improper hygiene habits |
| need to void immediately | urgency |
| voiding in small but frequent amounts | frequency |
| blood in the urine | hematuria |
| bacteria in the urine | bacteriuria |
| symptoms of cystitis | frequency, urgency, hematuria, bacteriuria, pain |
| urethritis | inflammation of the urethra |
| ureteritis | inflammation of the ureter/s |
| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the kidney pelvis |
| serious kidney infection with symptoms of fever, nausea, vomiting, pyuria, bacteruria, and hematuria | pyelonephritis |
| toxins from bacteria that cause strep throat can result in temporary damage of the glomerulus | glomerulonephritis |
| protein in the urine | proteinuria |
| decrease urine production, less than 500 ml in 24 hours | oliguria |
| swelling due to retained fluid in the body | edema |
| causes of acute tubular necrosis | nephrotoxins or ischemia |
| ischemia | deficient blood supply |
| nephrotoxins | substances that are poisonous to the kidney that are either ingested or inhaled |
| treatment for damaged kidneys to filter fluid and waste products from the blood outside the body using a dialysis machine | hemodialysis |
| hydronephrosis | fluid/urine back flow into the kidney causing it to dilate |
| lithotomy | incision to remove a stone |
| lithotripsy | surgically crushing a stone |
| what might cause an obstruction where the bladder meets the urethra | scar tissue, stones, tumors, blood clots |
| prostatic hyperplasia | abnormal growth of the prostate gland tissue |
| BPH | benign prostatic hypertrophy |
| condition when the end of the penis is blocked or narrowed | phimosis |
| the fold os skin that covers the end of the penis | prepuce |
| type of medication given for an infection | antibiotic |
| female hormones sometimes given for the treatment of prostate cancer | estrogenic |
| type of drug used for malignant tumors | chemotherapy |
| type of drug that helps to increase the secretion of urine | diuretic |
| blood tests to determine kidney function | BUN and serum creatinine |
| laboratory test most commonly used on urine | urinalysis |
| non-invasive x-ray exams done to examine the urinary system | KUB x-ray, ultrasonography, CT, MRI |
| kind of equipment used to instill dye into the bladder or drain fluid from the bladder | catheter |
| test that uses dye instilled into the bladder | cystogram |
| a backward flow of urine due to weak valves in the bladder or an obstruction | reflux |
| IVP | intravenous pyelogram |
| test to x-ray the kidney pelvis and find abnormalities of renal arteries, tumors, or cysts | intravenous pyelogram |
| test that is ordered if an IVP and a cystogram are done together | retrograde pyelogram |
| can detect abnormalities or constrictions,or to remove part of the prostate to alleviate an obstruction | urethroscopy |
| visualizes the bladder | cystoscopy |
| visualizes the kidney | nephroscopy |
| a small piece of kidney tissue is removed using a long needle inserted through the skin into the kidney | renal biopsy |
| incision into the bladder | cystotomy |
| repair of the bladder | cystoplasty |
| new opening into the bladder | cystostomy |
| surgical repair of the urethra | urethroplasty |
| surgery to fix and support the urethra | urethropexy |
| incision into the kidney pelvis to remove a calculus/stone | pyelolithotomy |
| removal of a stone from the bladder | cystolithotomy |
| removal of a kidney | nephrectomy |
| transfer of a donor kidney into a recipient | renal transplant |
| AGN | acute glomerulonephritis |
| ATN | acute tubular necrosis |
| GU | genitourinary |
| pH | potential hydrogen |
| PKU | phenylketonuria |
| TUR | transurethral resection |
| I/O | intake and output |
| IVP | intravenous pyelogram |
| KUB | kidneys, ureters, bladder |
| Cysto | any cystoscopic exam |
| UTI | urinary tract infection |
| UA | urinalysis |
| anuria | lack of urine production |
| uremia | toxic condition, potentially fatal, nitrogen waste products build up in the blood due to kidney pathology |
| dysuria | painful or difficult urination |
| urologist | doctor who specializes in genitourinary diseases |
| renal | refers to the kidney |
| hesitancy | inability to start voiding, or delay in starting to void |
| enuresis | voiding involuntarily, incontinent of urine |
| peritoneal dialysis | introducing a cleansing solution into the abdomen through a catheter, drains waste products from the blood into the solution and then out |
| azotemia | toxic condition in which there is an increased amount of nitrogent waste products, particularly urea |
| phenylketonuria | heriditary disease that can cause brain damage and mental retardation |
| calyx | a place for urine to accumulate from the pyramids, urine passes from the calyx to the kidney pelvis |
| kidney pelvis | collects the urine from the entire kidney and sends it all down the ureter to the bladder |
| medulla | largest portion of the kidney, contains the collecting tubules, calyces and kidney pelvis |
| pyramids | group of collecting tubules from the nephrons |
