| A | B |
|---|
| Mobilization | The process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war |
| Total War | A war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people |
| Trench Warfare | Fighting from ditches protected by barbed wire |
| War of Attrition | A war based on wearing the other side down by constant attacks and heavy losses |
| William II | Emperor of Germany who wrote a blank check |
| V. I. Lein | Leader of the Bolsheviks and made Russia Communist |
| Bourgeoisie | The middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people |
| Proletariat | The working class |
| Dictatorship | A form of government in which a person or small group has absolute power |
| Literacy | The ability to read |
| Psychoanalysis | A method by which a therapist and patient probe deeply into the patient's memory |
| Propaganda | Ideas spread to influence pubic opinion for or against a cause |
| Pogroms | Organized persecution or massacre of a minority group, especially Jews |
| Modernism | A movement in which writers and artists between 1870 and 1914 rebelled against the traditional literary and artistic styles that has dominated European cultural life since the Renaissance |
| Capital | Money available for investment |
| Entrepreneur | A person interested in finding new business opportunities and new ways to make profits |
| Cottage Industry | A method of production in which tasks are done by individuals in their rural homes |
| Puddling | Process in which coke derived from coal is used to burn away impurities in crude iron to produce high quality iron |
| Industrial Capitalism | An economic system based on industrial production or manufacturing |
| Socialism | A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns ans controls the means of production |
| Principle of intervention | Idea that great powers have the right to send armies into countries where there are revolutions to restore legitimate governments |
| Kaiser | German for "Caesar", the title of the emperors of the Second German Empire |
| Militarism | Reliance on military strength |
| Abolitionism | A movement to end slavery |
| Secede | Withdraw |
| Natural Selection | The principle set forth by Darwin that some organisms are more adaptable to the environment than others; in popular terms, "survival of the fittest" |
| Suez Canal | shortcut between Africa and Europe |
| Difference between Western and Eastern fronts | Western- no movement, Eastern- larger, more space for fighting and moving |
| Why was there little movement along Western Front during the war? | Trench Warfare- slow, had to attack across No Man's Land |
| League of Nations | world organization presented by Wilson- intended to ensure a lasting peace |
| Gavrilo Princip | assassinated Francis Ferdinand |
| David Livingstone | famous explorer of Central Africa |
| Big Four leaders and countries | Wilson: U.S., Clemenceau: France, George:Great Britain, Orlando: Italy |
| Wilson | leader of U.S. |
| Communists | what Bolshevics called themselves after they seized power in Russia |
| mobilization | preparing for war |
| attrition | strategy of killing more enemy troops than your side loses |
| Cecil Rhodes | who caused a war between British and Boers |
| Rasputin | Siberian peasant who influenced Alexandra greatly |
| France | country that controlled the most territory in West Africa |
| why did 1st Battle of Marne become a race to the sea? | trying to outflank eachother |
| Negatives of indirect rule | kept African elite in power, sowed seeds for class and tribal |
| Battle of Tannenburg | 100,000 Russians killed and 100,000 captured |
| Black Hand | terrorist organization that assassinated Francis Ferdinand |
| Triple Entente | France, Great Britain, Russia |
| The Balkans | known as powder keg of Europe |
| why did Great Britain fight in Sudan? | wanted to protect Suez Canal and entrance in Egypt |
| U.S. | only country to not have colonies in Africa |
| Lenin | leader of the Bolsheviks |
| Treaty of Brest-Litousk | treaty signed by Lenin and Germany to end Russia's involvement in the war |
| Boers | descendants of original Dutch settlers in South Africa |
| Woodrow Wilson | president who became spokesperson for a new world order |
| events that led U.S. into the war | Lusitania sunk- killed 128 Americans in 1915, Germany violated Sussex Pledge- unrestricted sub warfare in 1917 |
| 1st Battle of Marne | halted German advance |
| trench warfare | type of warfare fought during the war...with little movement |
| total war | mobilization of resources and people |
| militarism | aggressive preparation for war |
| allied powers | Great Britain, France, U.S., Russia, Italy, Serbia, Belgium |
| central powers | Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire |
| 2 flaws of Schlieffen Plan | Loser war if France not defeated in 6 weeks, attacking Belgium brings Great Britain into war |
| Changes to Schlieffen Plan | did not attack Netherlands, weakened right flank |
| Describe Schlieffen Plan | Attack France through Belgium and Netherlands, holding action in Alsace-Lorraine, defeat French within 6 weeks, move troops to Russia before they mobilize |
| New technologies and their effect on war | airplanes-bombing, machine guns- mass killings, artillery, poison gas- cleared trenches, tanks |
| John Locke | Who's idea was it that people were born with a blank slate that caused people to be molded by their experiences |
| Nicholas Copernicus | Who was the first to argue that the sun, not the earth, was at the center of the universe |
| What Concept of social contract was an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will | Jean-Jacques Rousseau's |
| Who believed the universe was like a clock | Voltaire |
| According to who did the universe is a series of concentric spheres with Earth fixed at the center | Ptolemaic System |
| Napoleon's coup d'etat overthrew the blank to establish his consulate | Directory |
| What are the 3 major parts of Napoleon's Grand Empire were | The French Empire, the Dependent states, and the Allied states |
| What is the Tennis Court Oath? | A vow to continue to meet until they had produced a French constitution |
| What were the 2 major reasons that Napoleon's Grand Empire Collapsed | Survival of Great Britain and the forces of nationalism |
| Which of Frances Estates was not exempt from paying taxes | Third Estate |
| How were the Russians defeated by the Napoleon's superior Grand Army | By retreating hundreds of miles and burning their owen villages and countryside |
| Where was Napoleon's final defeat at | Waterloo in Belgium |
| Who was one of the First people to argue for women's rights | Wollstonecraft |
| What were Montesquieu's ideas used in | the United States Constitution |
| Napoleon's Continental System was designed to | Stop British trade with Europe |
| What was Napoleon's military called | Grand Army |
| Name 2 things that the internal-combustin engine gave rise to | Automobiles, airplanes and improved ocean liners |
| What is the working class called | Proletariat |
| Who makes up the Triple Alliance | Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy |
| Whose discovery of radium changed the world's view of the atom | Marie Curie |
| Who was a Postimpressionist painter for whom art was a spiritual experience | Vincent van Gogh |
| One form of Marxist socialism was eventually called | Communism |
| According to who was the means of production were owned by the ruling class oppressors | Marx |
| What helped make people more Patriotic | Public education |
| 1908 Annexation of | Bosnia |
| Who's theories led to matter is a form of energy, the atom contains vast energies, and time and space depend on matter | Einstein |
| Who was the strongest military in Europe by 1900 | Germany |
| Who were the Boers descendents of | The original Dutch settlers of Cape Town and the surrounding areas |
| What group assassinated Archduke Francis Ferdinand | Black Hand |
| What was an act of war in 1914 | Mobilization of a nation's army |
| What was the treaty signed with Germany that many Germans felt was a harsh peace | Treaty of Versailles |
| What is the Trench warfare that kept both sides in virtually the same positions for four years | Western Front |
| Germany's plan for a two-front war with Russia and France | The Schlieffen Plan |
| Complete mobilization of resources and people | Total War |
| Under who's leadership did the Bolsheviks become a party dedicated to violent revolution | Vladimir Lenin |
| Who set up planned economies during wartime | Europe |
| What did Wilson argue more for at the Paris Peace Conference | League of Nations |
| In the second Industrial Revolution, what led the way to a new industrial frontiers | Steel, Chemicals, electricity and petroleum |
| What is an engine fired by oil or gasonline | Internal-Combustion |
| Considered the greatest genius of the Scientific Revolutin | Iassc Newton |
| Storming of this started the French Revolution | Bastille |
| Published major new theories of human behavior in The Interpretation of Dreams | Sigmund Freud |
| Ability to Read | Literacy |
| Assassinated Archduke Francs Ferdinand | Gavrilo Princip |
| General who guided German military operations | Erich von Ludendorff |
| Island to which Napoleon was exiled | St. Helena |
| Who Created the Scientific Method | Francis Bacon |
| A sudden overthrow of the government | Coup d'etat |
| Science pioneered by Freud | Psychoanalysis |
| Who created the new style of painting called cubism | Pablo Picasso |
| The spread of ideas to influence public opinion for or against a cause | Propaganda |
| Hostility and discrimination directed at Jews | Anti-Semitism |
| Louis XVI's place that was a symbol of the monarch's corruptness | Versailes |
| Government over thrown by Napoleon's coup d'etat | Directory |
| Used by revolutionaries to execute opponents of the state | Guillotine |
| Allied Powers | Great Britain, France, Italy and Russia |
| Who believed the universe was heliocentric | Nicholas Copernicus |
