| A | B |
|---|
| functions of cervical spine | gives strong support to skull, protects the neural components, protects the vascular structures, provides muscular attachments, acts as a shock absorber to protect the brain, provides portals for passages for neurovascular structures |
| cervical region must provide...to integrate the ehad with the body and its environment | flexibility (i.e. large range of movement) |
| cervical region has how many vertebrae | 7 |
| c3-C7 have structures in anterior and posterior compartments similar to.. | the typical vertebrae |
| the bodies of the cervical vertebrae are...relative to the vertebrae in other regions of the spine | small |
| 2 specialized vertebrae of cervical region | atlas (C1), axis(C2). there is no disc between the axis and atlas |
| odontoid process | aka dens. protrudes through the atlass |
| anterior longitudinal ligament (CR) | strongly attached to the vertebral bodies (but not strongly attached to discs) |
| posterior longitudinal ligament (CR) | lies inside the spinal canal firmly attached to the discs |
| ligamentum flavum (CR) | lies inside the spinal canal and attaches to each lamina (begins between C2 and C3) |
| other ligamanets of CR besideds all, pll, and ligamentum flavum include | capsular ligements (arranged perpendicular to surface of each facet joint), interspinous and intertransverse ligaments. |
| cruciform ligament (CR) | provides stability to C1-C2 articulation |
| cervical discs are...laterally than their corresponding vertebral bodies. cervical discs are also...anterior than posterio. this gives the cervical discs as ...shape | smaller, thicker, wedge shape (continutes to the lordotic curvature of the cervical spine) |
| cercial region is the most...region of the spine | mobile |
| the articulation of the atlas with the skull is called the..which allows | atlantooccipital joint allows sagittal plane movement (i.e. 10-15 degrees of flexion and extension) |
| the articulation of the atlas and axis is called the...which allows | atlanto-axial joint allows 10 degrees of flexion/extension and 47-50 degrees of rotation |
| C1 can move...of the rest of the cervical region | can move independently of rest of cervical spine |
| motion below C1 involves the | entire cervical spine bc the vertebrae are attached to each other functionally in motion segments |
| the facets guide the motion (i.e.) coupled motion bc... | each type of motion is always accompanied by another |
| flexion/extension is couple with | transverse (horizontal) translation; lateral flexion with rotation; rotation with axial translation |
| arrangment of the facets | the articulating facets of the cercial vertebrae face 45 degrees to the transverse plane to the frontal plane. facets slope downward laterally and posteriorly |
| to create instability | the majority of the ligaments had to be transected before failure occured. flexion was more limited by posterior ligaments. extension was more limited by anterior ligaments. removal of the facets decreased angular displacement and increased horizontal displacement |
| cercical spine is unstable or on the brink of instability when | greater than 3.5mm of transverse displacement. greater than 11degrees difference in rotation between adjacent vertebrae |
| loads on the cervical spine are produced mainly by | the weight of the head, the activity of the surrounding muscles, the inherent tension of adjacent ligaments, the application of external loads |
| static loads on the cervical spine vary with .. | the position of the head and body |
| loads on the cervical spine are low during | upright standing and sitting |
| structure of the head and neck makes the cervical spine and surrounding tissues...to injury | particularly vulnerable to injury |
| what injuries most common to cervical region | flexion/extension |
| flexion-extension injury involves.. | an impact that forces the head into flexion disrupting the posterior ligaments |
| excessive motion at the C1-C2 aritculation can pose | particular problems (during normal axial rotation, the size of the spinal canal is decreased) |
