| A | B |
|---|
| moving down the spinal column | the individual thoracic vertebrae increase in size (i.e. T12 bigger than T1). vertebral bodies become taller and the pedicles longer |
| the same ligaments that support cervical that suport thoracic are | all, pll, ligamentum flavum, interspinous and intertransverse, and capuslar ligaments |
| there are... other ligaments that support the attachment between the...and the.. | 4 others that support the attachment between the ribs and the vertebral body |
| the apophyseal joints between...are angled at | between adjacent vertebrae are angled 60 degrees to the transverse plane and 20 degrees to the frontal plane |
| thoracic vertebrae articulate with teh ribs via | articulating facets on the body on each vertebrae |
| full facets are located on | T1 and T10-12 |
| demifacets are on | T2-T9 |
| most restricted region of vertical column is | the thoracic region |
| movement in the thoracic regions is limited mainly by | the connection to the ribs, the oreitnation of facets and the long spinous processes that overlap in the back |
| the range of motion in thoracic region is limited fo | flexion and extension (2-4 degrees in the upper thoracic and about 20 degrees in the lower thoracic region) |
| lateral flexion in thoracic region is limited to | 2-9 degrees increasing towards the lower thoracic |
| the intervertebral discs in the thoracic region have a greater ratio of ...than the other spinal regions | of disc diameter to height than the otherspinal regions |
| greater ratio of disc diamter to height reduces | the tensile stress imposed on the vertebrae during compression by reducing the stress on the outside of the disk |
| bc tensile stress imposed on the vertebrae during compression by reducing the stress on the outside of the disc | disc injureies in the thoracic region are not as common as in the other regions |
